SEAL SEAL Stages of Early Arithmetical Learning Children

SEAL SEAL: Stages of Early Arithmetical Learning • Children develop and use a range of methods to solve number problems • The strategies they use increase in sophistication as children gain experience and develop better ways of problem solving • Children will become confident in using the most effective strategy when problem solving and will be able to explain the strategy they have used

An Addition Problem – Example of Strategies Needs to use counters or other concrete materials Uses a jump strategy e. g. 6 +4 +1 Counts from one (1, 2, 3, . . , 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) 6+5 = 11 Counts on in ones from 6 (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) Uses doubles/near-doubles (double 6 minus 1/double 5 plus 1)

Ideas for Home • forwards and backwards counting starting and stopping at different points • tell me the number before/after • doubles to 20 • skip counting in 2 s, 5 s and 10 s forwards and backwards from different starting points

Addition Progression Adding ●counting visible items ● counting items from 2 with 1 collection visible collections screened ● counting items with both collections screened. ● counting items in a row, some screened ● counting items in 2 collections including screening up to 30 ● missing addend ● incrementing ondecade by 10 ● incrementing offdecade by 10 ● incrementing by 10 s and 1 s ● adding from decade ● addition going through 10 ● Commutativity of addition ● addition by compensation ● addition facts within the decade ● addition facts across the decade ● adding 10 to 2 -digit numbers ● adding two 2 -digit numbers(seen) ● adding two 2 -digit numbers(screened) ● missing addend two 2 digit numbers (seen) ● missing addend two 2 digit numbers (screened) ● adding 2 -digit numbers without regrouping ● adding 2 -digit numbers with regrouping

Subtraction Progression Subtracting ● removal items from visible collections ● missing subtrahend ● subtraction from row of 20 ● decrementing ondecade by 10 ● decrementing offdecade by 10 ● decrementing by 10 s and 1 s ● subtracting to decade ● subtraction through 10 ● subtraction facts within the decade ● subtraction facts across the decade ● subtracting 10 from 2 digit numbers ● subtraction with two 2 -digit numbers(seen) ● subtraction with two 2 -digit numbers(screened) ● subtracting 2 -digit numbers without regrouping ● subtracting 2 -digit numbers with regrouping