Renaissance and Humanism The European Renaissance began after

Renaissance and Humanism • The European Renaissance began after the Middle Ages around 1450 in the Italian cities of Florence and Venice. New way of seeing humanity • People were interested in all things having to do with antiquity • The term Renaissance refers to a return to ancient Greek and Roman thought.

Spread of Humanity • Gutenberg invented the printing press around 1440. • Multiple copies could now be created – 15 million copies of over 30, 000 works were distributed from 1440 -1500 – How has this invention fueled the spread of ideas/knowledge throughout Europe?

Renaissance Art • Renaissance art was strongly influenced by Humanism • Renaissance artists came up with new techniques that they began to use in their respective artwork. • Perspective – Mathematical and geometrical observations made it possible to show depth and distance on a flat surface. – Diagonals lines can be traced to the focal point in the painting

Catholic Reformation • Protestant vs. Catholics? – How were the Protestants different from the followers of the Roman Catholic Church? • What were some of the complaints of the people towards the Catholic Church? • Which churches were created to replace the Catholic church?

Age of Exploration • Europeans wanted to find a trade route to Asia & Spread Christianity to the rest of the world – Looking for spices, gold, silk and other exotic goods to sell in European markets – Why didn’t the Europeans just travel to Asia by land?

Desire to Evangelize • Europeans wanted to convert non-Christians • Spread Christianity to the rest of the world • Wanted to curb the expansion of Islam, especially in Africa and Asia

Navigation • Which tools were used/invented to help explorers find their way? • How could explorers afford to navigate across the ocean?

Triangular Trade What products were taken back to the Americas from Europe? How did Europe benefit economically from Triangular Trade?

Changes in the new world • What did the Europeans do whenever they found resources that interested them? • Who worked in the mines and fields before slaves from Africa? - what happened to them? • Which four countries succeeded in finding colonial empires- who lost out?

French Revolution Factors which led to the revolution • Enlightenment thinkers wanted change • King and Queen spending France’s money • In debt from supporting the American Revolution • Third Estate paid taxes- no benefits from doing so • Storms destroyed crops – The people were starving due to high food prices – Chaos amongst the people

French Revolution Enlightenment Thinkers • Inspired by American Revolution and changes in Britain’s political hierarchy • Wrote books about separation of power, sovereignty of the people and freedom of belief • Valued individual’s role in society • Critical of existing power structure and believed individuals should be free and equal

French Revolution 2 nd Estate (Clergy) 1% 1/3 of the vote 1 st Estate (Nobility) 2% 1/3 of the vote Third Estate 97%, 1/3 of the vote Compare the percentage of population to their portion of the vote. What doesn’t add up? What do these images have in common? How was the Third Estate treated before the French Revolution?

French Revolution The events of the Revolution Use your notes to describe each event in further detail • Financial Crisis in France due to their participation in America’s War of Independence • Convening of the Estates General by King Louis XVI • Forming of the first National Assembly & Signing of the Tennis Court Oath • Creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen • The Storming of the Bastille • Mobs of angry women attack Chateau Versailles sending the Royal Family to Paris • King tries to flee France with his family, he is arrested and returned to Paris • The Reign of Terror and execution of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette