The Renaissance What is the Renaissance Rebirth of

The Renaissance

What is the Renaissance? ● Rebirth of Art & Learning. ●*Began in Northern Italy around 1300 ●*Spread North into France & England

Why Italy v. Northern Europe France & England embroiled in 100 Years War ●Black Death impacted trade in N. Europe ●Italian city-states were wealthy ● Centers of trade & commerce ●

Who were the Medici? Wealthy merchants from Florence. ● Fortune in trade & banking. ● Ruled city for several generations. ● Used intimidation & fear ● ● Patrons = Supporters of the Arts Lorenzo de Medici

Famous Patrons Caterina Sforza of Milan Isabella D’Este of Mantua

Banking ● ● Medici along w/ others made their wealth w/ banking. Money loaned w/ interest – Usury – $$$$$

What is Humanism? ●New interest in classical texts of Rome & Greece. Focused? Human achievement & potential. ● Artists & Architects revive classical traditions. ●Popularized The Humanities ● ●History ●Literature ●Philosophy

Renaissance Intellectual Movements ● Humanism – celebrates glory & power of humans as an important part of world. ●Classicism – return to ideals of Greece & Rome in intellectual thought, art, & architecture ●Secularism – interest in nonreligious world & enjoyment of worldly pleasures.

Essential Knowledge 213. The Renaissance was inspired by what 2 Classical civilizations? 214. In what country did the Renaissance begin? 215. What family ruled the Italian city-state of Florence? 216. What new industry brought wealth to Western Europe?

Renaissance Art

Renaissance Art Portrayed religious figures but in a more realistic style than their Medieval predecessors ●Greek & Roman subjects became more popular ●Focused more on Secular rather than Religious subjects ●Painters began to paint prominent citizens ● ●Could made afford to have portraits

Michelangelo

● ● Glorified the Human Body Excelled in every area of study ● Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Poet. ● ● Created figures that were forceful & heroic. Explored theme of Human Potential.

The Sistine Chapel

Statue of David

Donatello

● ● ● Sculptor Natural Postures & Expressions Best known for work in bronze & his statue of a young David Rediscovered technique of perspective & 3 -Dimensions. ●

Madonna and Child The Annunciation David

Leonardo Da Vinci

Painter, Sculptor, Inventor, Scientist. ● ● “Renaissance Man” Filled his books w/ observations & sketches of inventions. ●

The Last Supper

Mona Lisa

Study of Muscles

Vitruvian

Raphael ● Learned from Da Vinci & Michelangelo * Most famous works include Madonna & Child & School of Athens showing the men of Renaissance Italy learning at the feet of the masters of Greece ●

Sandro Boticelli The Birth of Venus

Masaccio The Tribute Money ------fresco

Renaissance Literature ●Most wrote in their Vernacular – native language. ●Reflected their own time. ●Wrote for Self. Expression

Francesco Petrarch Wrote in lingua franca of Latin, also his vernacular. Italian ●Famous for his Sonnets. ●Known as “Father of Humanism” ●

From the collection “Il Conzaniere” I have not seen you, lady, leave off your veil in sun or shadow, since you knew that great desire in myself that all other wishes in the heart desert me. While I held the lovely thoughts concealed, that make the mind desire death, I saw your face adorned with pity: but when Love made you wary of me,

then blonde hair was veiled, and loving glances gathered to themselves. that which I most desired in you is taken from me: the veil so governs me that to my death, and by heat and cold, the sweet light of you lovely eyes is shadowed.

Essential Knowledge 217. What artist/scientist was considered to be the true ‘Renaissance Man? ’ 218. What famous artist was commissioned to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel? 219. What writer was famous for his sonnets & was called the ‘Father of Humanism? ’ 220. What philosophy focused on Human potential & achievement?

Niccolo Machiavelli Wrote “The Prince” (1513) ●Political Science – the study of government ●Examines imperfect conduct of human beings. ●Examines how rulers gain & keep power ●Advocated use of force by rulers if necessary ●“End justifies the Means” ●POWER! ●

Excerpt from “The Prince”, Chapter V Whenever those states which have been acquired as stated have been accustomed to live under their own laws and freedom, there are three courses for those who wish to hold them: The first is to ruin them, the next is to reside there in person, the third is to permit them to live under their own laws, drawing a tribute (payment for protection), and establishing within it an oligarchy ( small government) which will keep it friendly to you. Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows that is cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and does its utmost to support him; and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other way.

Essential Knowledge 221. Who wrote the famous book The Prince? 222. The Prince was a study of government referred to as ___________. 223. In The Prince, Machiavelli advocated the use of ______ by a ruler if necessary. 224. A word that best sums up Machiavelli’s advice is ______.

The Northern Renaissance

Northern Renaissance Spread through trade ●England, France, Flanders, & Germany. ●Plague & The Hundred Years War ends ● ● population surge Ideas of Italian Renaissance + Christian Humanist Ideas ●

Northern Renaissance Art * Artists portrayed religious subjects but also focused on more secular subjects. ●Artists were known to use color more boldly

Jan Van Eyck

The Arnolfini Marriage Jan Van Eyck by

Hans Holbein Henry VIII

Albrecht Durer Known for his woodcuts

Peter Bruegel The Peasant Marriage

Northern Renaissance Writers ●Best known were the Christian Humanists – combined Italian ideas of Humanism w/ established ideas of Catholic Church ● Two most famous were good friends ● Sir Thomas More & Desiderius Erasmus. ●

Sir Thomas More 1478 -1543 ●Wrote famous book “Utopia” ●“Utopia” describes perfect society based on Christian principle ●Thomas More beheaded for defying King Henry VIII when he proclaimed himself head of Church of England ●

Utopia, 1516 Gold and Silver, of which money is made, are so treated …. . That no one values them more highly than their true nature deserve. Who does not see that they are far inferior to iron in usefulness since without iron mortals cannot live any more that without fire and water?

Desiderius Erasmus 1466 -1536 ●Wrote ‘The Praise of Folly’ ●Written as humor friend, Thomas More. ●Described his disdain for current state of Catholic Church - corruption ●Forerunner to men like Martin Luther. ●

The Praise of Folly, 1511 As for theologians, perhaps it would be better to pass them over in silence, “not stirring up the hornet’s nest” and “not laying a finger on the stinkweed, ” since this race of men is incredibly arrogant and touchy. For they might rise up en masse and march in ranks against me with six hundred conclusions and force me to recant. And if I should refuse, they would immediately shout “heretic. ” For this is the thunderbolt they always keep ready at a moment’s notice to terrify anyone to whom they are not favorably inclined.

William Shakespeare ● English writer: ● books & plays Came later than other Renaissance writers: wrote in the style of those who came before ●Wrote ‘current stories’ as well as portrayed historical figures like “Julius Caesar” ●

Question: What invention not only spread the ideas of the Renaissance but also changed the way man communicated?

Answer: The Printing Press Inspired by Chinese ● ●Block Printing ●Movable type ● Johann Gutenberg ●Mainz, Germany ●reinvented movable type to meet growing demands of reading materials●first printing press Printed The Gutenberg Bible - 1 st complete book created w/ printing press ●

Gutenberg Press Bible

Impact of the Renaissance ● Influences other art styles/literature 2. Led to movements such as the Elizabethan Age in England. 3. Emphasis on the dignity of the individual becomes stepping stone for the rise of the ideas of Democracy.

Essential Knowledge 225. Northern Renaissance writers combined the ideas of the Italian Renaissance with ________. 226. What invention revolutionized the production of literature? 227. Who wrote the famous book Utopia? 228. Who wrote the famous book The Praise of Folly?

➤Artist, architect, mathematician ➤Studied anatomy to draw more realistic human figures ➤Painted a mural depicting the last meeting of Jesus and his disciples ➤Painted the portrait known as “Mona Lisa” The information in the chart above best describes which of these individuals of the Renaissance? A. Raphael B. Michelangelo C. da. Vinci D. Botticelli

Which of these is not a characteristic of Renaissance painting? A. realistic portrait painting B. subject matter limited to Christian themes C. settings reflecting the world of the artists D. painting showing depth and perspective

A major reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was that A. merchants supported the Green Revolution B. many European scholars had migrated to this area. C. Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia D. farmers produced great agricultural surpluses on vast plains

In his book The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli advises that a wise ruler is one who A. keeps taxes and food prices low B. encourages education and the arts C. allows advisors to speak their minds D. does what is necessary to stay in power

What is meant by Machiavelli's belief that "the end justifies the means"? A. The general public always acts in its own best interest B. Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible C. Leaders must always act for the common good. D. Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for the state

Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers? A. governments should establish overseas empires B. People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters C. individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion D. scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death