The Renaissance and Reformation The end of Medieval

The Renaissance and Reformation The end of Medieval Europe and emergence of Modern times

The Origins of the Renaissance ► ► ► The term Renaissance means “rebirth” in Latin 1350 – 1600 This time period was a “rebirth” of art, ideas, literature, and values. These new ideas caused many Europeans to leave the Catholic church (Starts church Reformation period) Begins in Florence, Italy and spreads north to the rest of Europe ▪ center of trade between Europe and Africa ▪ center of Greco-Roman culture ▪ center of the Catholic Church

Italian City-States Italy was made up of five city -states: ► Florence – Renaissance origins ► Venice & Naples - trading port; spread Renaissance ideals ► Milan - connection to France spread Renaissance North ► Papal States – religious dominance ►

The Beginning The Renaissance was the rebirth of art & learning; start of “modern times” ► It was influenced by very powerful families such as the Medici family ► The Medici’s were bankers out of Florence ► The families gave support to various artists ►

Characteristics of the Renaissance ► Humanism: human achievements/potential rather than religion ► Interest in secularism , or non-religious worldly matters ► Individualism ► Questioning Attitude ► Rise of the middle class ► Great achievements in the arts

Discussion: New Ideas ► How do you think humanism, secularism, and a questioning attitude changed people’s views of the Catholic Church? ► New ideas of the Renaissance often conflicted with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and Medieval thinking

Renaissance Art ► Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on art ► Art communicated political, spiritual and social values ► Therefore, art was used as a form of competition for social and political status

Renaissance Art ►What were the differences between Medieval and Renaissance Art?

Medieval Art ►Artists depicted subjects in an unrealistic two dimensional style to indicate the importance of the soul over the body

Enthroned Madonna and Child, 1280

Giotto. Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints

Characteristics of Renaissance Art ► Three dimensional ► Realistic ► Lifelike ► Influenced by Greco -Roman culture ► Use of oil paint “Baptism of Christ” (Da Vinci)

Italian Renaissance Artists ► Leonardo Da Vinci ► Michelangelo ► Raphael ► Donatello

Leonardo Da Vinci ► Da Vinci was considered the “Renaissance Man” ► Was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and a scientist (The Vitruvian Man, 1485)

Leonardo Da Vinci “The Last Supper”

Leonardo Da Vinci “Mona Lisa”

Michelangelo “The Sistine Chapel”

http: //www. vatican. va/vario us/cappelle/sistina_vr/

Michelangelo “David”

Michelangelo “Pieta”

Raphael “The School of Athens”

Raphael “The Alba Madonna”

Donatello bronze “David” ► First unsupported standing work in bronze during the Renaissance period

Medieval Architecture

Renaissance Architecture ► ► Filippo Brunelleschi His dome in Florence was considered to be the greatest engineering feat of the time!

► Began Renaissance Writers to use the vernacular(vernacular = the native language) instead of classical Latin ► Machiavelli, wrote “The Prince”– a handbook for behavior ► Make a prediction → What were Renaissance authors writing about?

Machiavelli ► Machiavelli was a political philosopher ► “The Prince” advised kings how to rule ► Within the Machiavellian way of thinking, people questioned the corruption of the government & church

William Shakespeare ► The best known Renaissance writer was William Shakespeare ► Stressed ideas of emotions, complexity, individualism ► Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 37 plays that are still preformed around the world

The Printing Revolution ► ► In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the bible using movable metal type on a machine called a Printing Press Printed books became cheap and easier to produce Now, readers gained access to broad range of knowledge (Medicine to Religion) The printing press would greatly contribute to the Reformation of the church.

Video: Da Vinci’s World

Piazza del Duomo

Florence Baptistery: Important religious building (Medicis were baptized here!) built in the Romanesque style. Famous Renaissance architect, Lorenzo Ghiberti designed the bronze doors which Michelangelo described as The Gates of Paradise

Renaissance Values As you know, the Renaissance was a “rebirth” of new ideas and values. ► Today, you are going to focus on these new values by completing a graffiti board. ► This strategy will challenge you to learn about one value and represent it in a creative/visual way. ► ► Humanism ► Individualism ► Skepticism ► Well-Roundedness ► Secularism ► Classicism

► What CLOSURE is the Renaissance? ► Where did the Renaissance start? (country and city!) ► What were some characteristics of Renaissance art? How is this different from Medieval art? ► Who were some of the most influential Renaissance artists? ► What is humanism?

► 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Unit 3 Vocabulary The Renaissance/Reformation period introduced a lot of new beliefs, views, and ideas. Before we learn about the specifics, define the following vocabulary words in your notes: Humanism Secularism Individualism Chateaux Indulgences Theocracy Seminary Mercantilism