PSIs high intensity proton accelerator an overview Mike

PSI’s high intensity proton accelerator – an overview Mike Seidel, PSI

Accelerator Facilities at PSI High Intensity Proton Accelerator 0. 59 Ge. V, 2. 2 m. A Neutron Source and Instruments p-Therapie 250 Me. V, <1 A central controlroom µSR, particle physics Swiss Light Source 2. 4 Ge. V, 400 m. A XFEL Injector 250 Me. V

Overview HIPA Injector II Cyclotron 72 Me. V Cockcroft Walton Ring Cyclotron 590 Me. V 2. 2 m. A /1. 3 MW / secondary beamlines target M (d = 5 mm) target E (d = 40 mm) 1. 5 m. A /0. 9 MW CW operation UCN source SINQ spallation source proton therapie center [250 Me. V sc. cyclotron] dimensions: 120 x 220 m 2 SINQ instruments M. Seidel, 9/2013

PSI Ring - a separated sector cyclotron CW acceleration losses: ≈2· 10 -4 high RF efficiency up to 400 k. W power transfer per resonator possible • concept works up to 1 Ge. V • • Electrostatic Deflector beam profile at extraction: dynamic range: factor 2. 000 in particle density extraction septum d= 50µm 50 MHz resonator 150 MHz (3 rd harm) resonator

operational statistics 1. 4 MW (several technical improvements) 93% (all time high) availability current

PSI-HIPA Powerflow Efficiency of RF: 32% 0. 90 (AC/DC) 0. 64 (DC/RF) 0. 55 (RF/Beam) public grid ca. 10 MW RF Systems 4. 1 MW Beam on targets 1. 3 MW n: per beamline: 13 s-1@ 10 e. V ≈ 20µW 10 neutrons +: per beamline muons 5· 108 s-1 @ 30 Me. V/c ≈ 300µW RF efficiency is high at HIPA Magnets 2. 6 MW conversion to secondary particles improvement potential aux. Systems Instruments 3. 3 MW cryogenics heat to river, to air

high beam power: essential auxilliary capabilities activation in cyclotron peak: ≈10 m. Sv/h activated collimator in hot cell [500 Sv/h = 5 E 4 rem/h @ entrance] exchange flask for meson production target

concept of target beamline [side view] secondary shielding platform for electronics, pumps etc. 4 cm Target collimators BEAM DUMP primary shielding Iron ! vacuum chimneys for inserts, pumping connections

Meson Production Target TARGET CONE Mean diameter: 450 mm Graphite density: 1. 8 g/cm 3 Operating Temp. : 1700 K Irrad. damage rate: 0. 1 dpa/Ah Rotation Speed: 1 Turn/s Target thickness: 40 mm 7 g/cm 2 Beam loss: 12 % Power deposit. : 20 k. W/m. A Muon Transport Channel E 4 target, d=40 mm solenoids Muon Rate: 4. 6 E 8 +/sec @ p=29. 8 Me. V/c quadrupoles T. Prokscha et al NIM-A (2008)

HIPA ongoing improvements – injector cyclotron today: 2 150 MHz 50 MHz 150 MHz Today in a different place after completion: 50 MHz 4 measure: exchange of 150 MHz third harmonic resonators against 50 MHz fundamental mode resonators goal: more reliable operation with unified components (tubes); lower losses, thus higher current possible 50 MHz new 50 MHz resonator: (first resonator delivered 2011) [PSI: W. Tron, M. Schneider, M. Bopp, SDMS/france]

SINQ Upgrade – Source, Neutron Optics and Instruments 2 Source-to-Detector Optimization SINX [U. Filges, M. Wohlmuther, W. Wagner, M. Kenzelmann, Ch. Rüegg] Upgrade of moderators to gain neutron flux Targets: Increase detection rate of useful neutrons by factor 10 -100, reduce measureable sample mass by same factor Benchmark: Signal/noise of leading continuous neutron sources (x 10 peak flux) Source: - optimize moderators, H 2 O scatterer - increase dynamic range of thermal diffraction & spectroscopy Guide system: - novel guide technology SINQ moderator tank Global optimization from source to detector - development of focusing devices - technology transfer to Swiss industry advanced neutron guides Instruments: - global optimization of signal-to-noise Detectors: 25. Januar 2022 detector - wide-angle analyzer systems - concept development with ESS source - increased area - need new approach beyond 3 He Gain signal/noise by factor 10 -100 page 11

Potential option for future: Hi. MB = “High Intensity Muon Beam” [PR. Kettle et al] at 25 cm distance 5· 1010 µ+/s/m. A expected Idea: extract Muons from spallation target window; ongoing study Principle: • “Guiding field” solenoid – capture downward µs & transport to “focussing” solenoid • “Focussing” solenoid – replacement of defocussing quadrupole doublet QHJ 31/32 act as focus for upward protons and a transport solenoid for downward muons • • • “Fan-coupling” vacuum chamber – modification of AHO upper-part of vacuum chamber to allow extraction in the fringe-field of the AHO “Collection” solenoid for capture of momentum dispersed muons from AHO [M. Wohlmuther] Guiding solenoid Focussing solenoid Fan-coupling Vac chamber collection solenoid p Conventional Dipole & Quad Channel Conventional Dipole/Quadrupole channel – transportation of muons through cellar & to an experimental hall external to the SINQ hall Peter-Raymond Kettle Hi. MB Kickoff Meeting Aug. 2013

HIPA - Summary • With 1. 3 MW @ 0. 59 Ge. V PSI‘s HIPA operates at the forefront of high intensity accelerators • HIPA runs reliably (≥ 90%) with high electrical efficiency (RF: 32%) • ongoing improvement of accelerator for reliable operation; upgrade potential exists up to 1. 8 MW • ongoing studies to better exploit the generation of secondary particles – Muons and Neutrons