Principles of Corporate Finance Sixth Edition Richard A

Principles of Corporate Finance Sixth Edition Richard A. Brealey Stewart C. Myers Lu Yurong Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Chapter 14 An Overview of Corporate Financing

14 - 2 Topics Covered w Patterns of Corporate Financing w Common Stock w Preferred Stock w Debt w Financial Markets and Institutions Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 3 Patterns of Corporate Financing w Firms may raise funds from external sources or plow back profits rather than distribute them to shareholders. w Should a firm elect external financing, they may choose between debt or equity sources. Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 4 Patterns of Corporate Financing Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 5 Patterns of Corporate Financing Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 6 Patterns of Corporate Financing ? How do we define debt ? Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 7 Patterns of Corporate Financing Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 8 Common Stock Book Value vs. Market Value Book value is a backward looking measure. It tells us how much capital the firm has raised from shareholders in the past. It does not measure the value that shareholders place on those shares today. The market value of the firm is forward looking, it depends on the future dividends that shareholders expect to receive. Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 9 Common Stock Example - Heinz Book Value vs. Market Value (5/2000) Total Shares outstanding = 347 million Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 10 Common Stock Example - Mobil Book Value vs. Market Value (5/00) Total Shares outstanding = 347 million Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 11 Preferred Stock - Stock that takes priority over common stock in regards to dividends. Net Worth - Book value of common shareholder’s equity plus preferred stock. Floating-Rate Preferred - Preferred stock paying dividends that vary with short term interest rates. Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 12 Corporate Debt w Debt has the unique feature of allowing the borrowers to walk away from their obligation to pay, in exchange for the assets of the company. w “Default Risk” is the term used to describe the likelihood that a firm will walk away from its obligation, either voluntarily or involuntarily. w “Bond Ratings”are issued on debt instruments to help investors assess the default risk of a firm. Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 13 Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Corporate Debt Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 14 Corporate Debt Prime Rate - Benchmark interest rate charged by banks. Funded Debt - Debt with more than 1 year remaining to maturity. Sinking Fund - Fund established to retire debt before maturity. Callable Bond - Bond that may be repurchased by firm before maturity at specified call price. Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 15 Corporate Debt Subordinate Debt - Debt that may be repaid in bankruptcy only after senior debt is repaid. Secured Debt - Debt that has first claim on specified collateral in the event of default. Investment Grade - Bonds rated Baa or above by Moody’s or BBB or above by S&P. Junk Bond - Bond with a rating below Baa or BBB. Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 16 Corporate Debt Eurodollars - Dollars held on deposit in a bank outside the United States. Eurobond - Bond that is marketed internationally. Private Placement - Sale of securities to a limited number of investors without a public offering. Protective Covenants - Restriction on a firm to protect bondholders. Lease - Long-term rental agreement. Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 17 Corporate Debt Warrant - Right to buy shares from a company at a stipulated price before a set date. Convertible Bond - Bond that the holder may exchange for a specified amount of another security. Convertibles are a combined security, consisting of both a bond a call option. Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 18 Financial Markets Money Primary OTC Markets Secondary Markets Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 19 Financial Institutions Company Obligations Funds Intermediaries Banks Insurance Cos. Brokerage Firms Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 20 Financial Institutions Intermediaries Obligations Funds Investors Depositors Policyholders Investors Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

14 - 21 Preparation for Next Class w Please read: w BM Chapter 15 , P 405 -432 Mc. Graw Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2003 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved