POETRY Types of Poetry Poetic Terms Techniques Figurative

POETRY Types of Poetry Poetic Terms & Techniques Figurative Language & Sound Devices

WHAT IS POETRY? ? ? v Writing that can express feelings and emotions or tell a story. v Usually rhymes but doesn’t have to. v Often uses figurative language. v Written with specific techniques.

POETIC TERMS & TECHNIQUES

STANZA v Poetry is not written in paragraphs. v Most poems are written using stanzas. v. A paragraph of poetry separated by spaces.

Couplet Two lines of poetry Triplet Quatrain Four lines of poetry Three lines of poetry Cinquain Five lines of poetry

v. Refrain: a line of poetry that is repeated throughout the poem v. Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhyming in a poem v. Repetition: repeating a word or phrase through out a poem.

RHYME SCHEME Roses are red A Violets are blue B You love me And I love you B There once was a Thingamajig— Like a Whatsis, but three times as big. C When it first came in view it looked something like you But it stayed and turned into a pig NOW YOU TRY:

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE & SOUND DEVICES

Simile Comparing two unlike things using like or as Personification When a writer gives something that is not human, human qualities. Metaphor Comparing unlike things without using like or as Extended Metaphor When it comes to using a metaphorical device in poetry, a poet can either make the entire poem a metaphor for something, or put little metaphors throughout the poem.

Hyperbole An exaggeration for the sake of emphasis. “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse. ” Euphemism Allusion A writer refers to another piece of literature Three Most Common Forms of Allusion: Biblical Allusion – refers to something in the Bible Mythological Allusion – refers to a god/goddess from Greek/Roman Mythology Shakespearean Allusion – refers to a piece of Shakespeare’s writing. A nice or polite way of saying something Instead of he died “He passed away. ” He’s stupid “He’s slow. ” Symbolism A word or image that signifies something other than what is literally represented. Light can symbolize truth “Shed light on a situationtell the truth”

Onomatopoeia a word that sounds like what it means. Boom, snap, buzz, pop Alliteration Consonance repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. Chuckle, fickle, kick When a sound is repeated at the beginning of words “While I wandered weak and weary” Assonance the repetition of the sound of a vowel Sell, Bell, Smell, Tell

TYPES OF POETRY

FREE VERSE Poetry that follows no rules. Just about anything goes. This does not mean that it uses no devices, it just means that this type of poetry does not follow traditional conventions such as punctuation, capitalization, rhyme scheme, rhythm and meter, etc. Fog The fog comes on little cat feet. It sits looking over harbor and city on silent haunches and then, moves on.

NARRATIVE POETRY A form of poetry which tells a story and contains the following elements: • characters • setting • plot • conflict • theme

LYRICAL POETRY • • • Expresses personal emotions or feelings Rhymes and usually set to music Often about nature

ODE • • a type of lyrical stanza in praise of, or dedicated to someone or something which captures the poet's interest or serves as an inspiration for the ode. It is an elaborately structured poem praising or glorifying an event or individual, describing nature intellectually as well as emotionally.

BALLAD • a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. • usually use the common dialect of the people and are heavily influenced by the region in which they originate. • do not have any known author or correct version; instead, having been passed down mainly by oral tradition since the Middle Ages, there are many variations of each. • In all traditions most ballads are narrative in nature, with a self-contained story, often concise and rely on imagery, rather than description, which can be tragic, historical, romantic or comic.

EPIC • • a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation. Examples: The Iliad, The Odyssey, The Epic of Beowulf

HAIKU 3 lines Originated in Japan Syllabic Patter of: 5, 7, 5

SONNET a 14 line poem Every other line rhymes 3 quatrains (four lines) Ends with a couplet (2 lines) Originated in Italy from a man named Petrarch The Rhyme Scheme: abab cdcd efef gg Each line of the stanza should have no more and no less than ten syllables. SONNET 37 As a decrepit father takes delight To see his active child do deeds of youth, So I, made lame by fortune's dearest spite, Take all my comfort of thy worth and truth. ` For whether beauty, birth, or wealth, or wit, Or any of these all, or more, Entitled in thy parts do crowned sit, I make my love engrafted to this store: So then I am not lame, poor, nor despised, Whilst that this shadow doth such substance give That I in thy abundance am sufficed And by a part of all thy glory live. Look, what is best, that best I wish in thee: This wish I have; then times happy me!