Phylum Porifera The Sponges Phylum Porifera 1 Apa

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Phylum Porifera The Sponges Phylum Porifera 1

Phylum Porifera The Sponges Phylum Porifera 1

Apa itu porifera 1. Hewan multiselluler 2. Dari bahasa latin, porus: lubang kecil, ferre:

Apa itu porifera 1. Hewan multiselluler 2. Dari bahasa latin, porus: lubang kecil, ferre: membawa 3. Sebagian besar hidup dilaut kedalaman 3, 5 m, sebagian kecil di air tawar 4. Bentuknya beraneka macam dan warnanya bervariasi: merah, kuning, biru, violet Phylum Porifera 2

Sponge Diversity Erect Rope Sponge Black-ball sponge Yellow Tube Sponge Phylum Porifera 3

Sponge Diversity Erect Rope Sponge Black-ball sponge Yellow Tube Sponge Phylum Porifera 3

Struktur tubuh porifera Phylum Porifera 4

Struktur tubuh porifera Phylum Porifera 4

� Spongocoel dilindungi oleh: 1 Epidermis : lapisan luar, pipih disebut pinakosit, memiliki lubang

� Spongocoel dilindungi oleh: 1 Epidermis : lapisan luar, pipih disebut pinakosit, memiliki lubang disebut ostium, dan selnya disebut porosit. Phylum Porifera 5

2. Koanosit, disebut sel leher Choanocytes Phylum Porifera 6

2. Koanosit, disebut sel leher Choanocytes Phylum Porifera 6

3. Mesoglea : lapisan gelatins, nonseluler berisi a. arkeosit: reproduksi sel, membentuk sel tunas/gamet,

3. Mesoglea : lapisan gelatins, nonseluler berisi a. arkeosit: reproduksi sel, membentuk sel tunas/gamet, mengganti sel yang rusak b. Skleroblast: untuk membentuk spikula c. Amebosit: mengambil dan mengeluarkan makanan yang telah dicerna di koanosit Phylum Porifera 7

MESOGLEA Phylum Porifera 8

MESOGLEA Phylum Porifera 8

JALANNYA AIR PADA PORIFERA Spongocoel Ostia Osculum Phylum Porifera 1 0

JALANNYA AIR PADA PORIFERA Spongocoel Ostia Osculum Phylum Porifera 1 0

Collar Cells Choanocytes: (collar cells) act as a pump to bring water into the

Collar Cells Choanocytes: (collar cells) act as a pump to bring water into the sponge Phylum Porifera 1 1

Sponge Support Collagen is found between the inner canals and chambers ◦ Mesohyl Ameboid

Sponge Support Collagen is found between the inner canals and chambers ◦ Mesohyl Ameboid cells located in the mesohyl, have different roles ◦ Archeocytes ◦ Sclerocytes Phylum Porifera 1 2

Sponge Support Phylum Porifera 1 3

Sponge Support Phylum Porifera 1 3

Spicules Collagen is stiffened by adding microscopic mineral accretions or additional protein fibers (spongin)

Spicules Collagen is stiffened by adding microscopic mineral accretions or additional protein fibers (spongin) or both. ◦ Spicules: skeleton structures, made of calcium carbonate (Ca. CO 3) or silicon dioxide (Si. O 2). Spicules Phylum Porifera 1 4

Sponge Types

Sponge Types

Porifera Reproduction � Asexual budding � Regeneration: can regenerate from broken pieces � Sexual

Porifera Reproduction � Asexual budding � Regeneration: can regenerate from broken pieces � Sexual ◦ Usually hermaphroditic with male and female cells scattered throughout the connective tissue. Phylum Porifera 1 6

Porifera Larvae Neighboring sponges are fertilized by sperm entering through the ostia ◦ Ciliated

Porifera Larvae Neighboring sponges are fertilized by sperm entering through the ostia ◦ Ciliated mouth less larvae (parenchymella) is released. Parenchymella Phylum Porifera 1 7

Porifera Classification Phylum Porifera ◦ Class Calcarea ◦ Class Demospongiae ◦ Class Hexactinellida ◦

Porifera Classification Phylum Porifera ◦ Class Calcarea ◦ Class Demospongiae ◦ Class Hexactinellida ◦ Sclerospongiae is no longer considered a class Phylum Porifera 1 8

Class Calcarea � Have spicules made of calcium carbonate � Mostly small in size

Class Calcarea � Have spicules made of calcium carbonate � Mostly small in size (<15 cm. ), and form irregular masses � Never contain spongin, restricted to shallow water, and strictly marine Phylum Porifera 1 9

Class Demospongiae (Most sponges) Have spicules made of silicon dioxide (Si. O 2) or

Class Demospongiae (Most sponges) Have spicules made of silicon dioxide (Si. O 2) or spongin or a combination of both Most sponges belong to this class (90%) ◦ Nearly all are leuconoid body type Mostly found on the continental shelf Spongia spp. (Bath sponge) Phylum Porifera 2 0

Class Hexactinellida (Glass sponges) � Spicules are made of silica � Usually found in

Class Hexactinellida (Glass sponges) � Spicules are made of silica � Usually found in deep water on soft substrates in the tropics 200 -1, 000 m. � Spicules are six pointed and have a lattice-like structure � Cup, vase or urn shape Euplectella (Deep sea Glass sponge) Phylum Porifera 2 1