Phrases and Clauses Phrases O Phrase A group

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Phrases and Clauses

Phrases and Clauses

Phrases O Phrase: A group of related words that is used as a single

Phrases O Phrase: A group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject

Types of Phrases O Verb Phrase: does not contain a subject O could have

Types of Phrases O Verb Phrase: does not contain a subject O could have been hiding (no subject) O Prepositional Phrase: does not contain a subject or a verb O in the kitchen (no subject or verb) O Infinitive Phrase: does not contain a subject or a verb O to go with them (no subject or verb)

Prepositional Phrase O Includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers

Prepositional Phrase O Includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object O under the umbrella next to them for ourselves among good friends O May contain an article or another modifier O Noun or pronoun that completes the prepositional phrase is the object of the preposition

Prepositional Phrase Examples O Any modifier that comes between the prepositional phrase and its

Prepositional Phrase Examples O Any modifier that comes between the prepositional phrase and its object is part of the prepositional phrase O Examples: O Leah has the lead in the school play. O The carriage vanished into the thick mist. O Come with Rick and me to the concert.

Careful! O Prepositional phrases always contain an object that is a NOUN or a

Careful! O Prepositional phrases always contain an object that is a NOUN or a PRONOUN O Example: Send the present to them.

Practice O One of these students was Paul Fisher. O Paul decided he would

Practice O One of these students was Paul Fisher. O Paul decided he would raise funds for Tangerine Middle School soccer. O Organizing the fund raiser took months of great effort. O Many different team members contributed their talents to the project. O Now the names of those who contributed are being publically thanked by the Tangerine citizens.

Adjective Phrase O Prepositional phrase used as an adjective O Adjective: Mrs. Fisher chose

Adjective Phrase O Prepositional phrase used as an adjective O Adjective: Mrs. Fisher chose the blue one. O Adj. Phrase: Mrs. Fisher chose the one with blue stripes.

Adjective Phrase Continued O An adjective phrase modifies a noun or a pronoun and

Adjective Phrase Continued O An adjective phrase modifies a noun or a pronoun and generally come after the words they modify O They answer the same questions single-word adjectives answer O What kind? Which one? How many/much? O The store with the neon sign is open.

Adjective Phrase Examples O Maya is a soccer player from Florida. O Their enthusiasm

Adjective Phrase Examples O Maya is a soccer player from Florida. O Their enthusiasm for soccer brought them together. O Their strategies about winning games were proved to work well.

Adverb Phrase O A prepositional phrase used as an adverb is called an adverb

Adverb Phrase O A prepositional phrase used as an adverb is called an adverb phrase. O Adverb: The team will reach the field soon. O Adverb phrase: The team will reach the field by noon. O An adverb phrase modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb and answers the same questions. When? Where? How? To what extent?

Adverb Phrase Examples O We got our new puppy at the animal shelter. O

Adverb Phrase Examples O We got our new puppy at the animal shelter. O A puppy is always ready for a game. O He barks loudly for a puppy.

Adjective Phrase vs Adverb Phrase O Adjective phrases usually follow the word or words

Adjective Phrase vs Adverb Phrase O Adjective phrases usually follow the word or words they modify. O Adverb phrases may appear at various places in sentences. O Examples: O At dusk, we went inside to eat dinner. O We went inside at dusk to eat dinner. O We went inside to eat dinner at dusk.

Adjective Phrase & Adverb Phrase O An adverb phrase may be followed by an

Adjective Phrase & Adverb Phrase O An adverb phrase may be followed by an adjective phrase that modifies the object in the adverb phrase. O Example: O The boat landed on an island near the coast.

Clauses O A word group that contains a verb and its subject and that

Clauses O A word group that contains a verb and its subject and that is used as a sentence or as part of a sentence.

Independent Clause O An independent (or main) clause expresses a complete thought and can

Independent Clause O An independent (or main) clause expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence O Ex. I woke up late this morning. Do you know Joseph?

Independent Clauses O When an independent clause stands alone, it is called a sentence.

Independent Clauses O When an independent clause stands alone, it is called a sentence. O The term independent clause is usually only used when a clause is joined with another clause. O Example: My mother drove me to school, but my brother rode his bicycle.

Subordinate Clause O A subordinate (or dependent clause) does not express a complete thought

Subordinate Clause O A subordinate (or dependent clause) does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence. O Subordinate clauses are joined with independent clauses to express a complete thought.

Subordinate Clause O May appear at the beginning, in the middle, or at the

Subordinate Clause O May appear at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence. O Subordinate clause: if they do not win O Sentence: If they do not win, they will have to practice harder next year. They will have to practice harder next year if they do not win.

Fragment O A subordinate clause that is capitalized and punctuated as though it is

Fragment O A subordinate clause that is capitalized and punctuated as though it is a sentence fragment. O Example. If you know anybody that can help. Who are shown in the photographs below.

Practice

Practice