Grammar Lessons Week 6 Clause and Sentence Types

Grammar Lessons – Week 6 Clause and Sentence Types

Day 1 – Types of Clauses • To be a clause, a group of words must have a subject and a verb. • Independent clauses have a subject, a verb, and can stand alone. • Dependent clauses have a subject, a verb, and cannot stand alone.

Day 1 – Examples • Independent Clauses vs. Dependent Clauses – I like cheese – While I like cheese vs – Gilbert ran down the street vs – Although Gilbert ran down the street – The show was on vs – Unless the show was on – No cheese was on the sandwich vs – Because no cheese was on the sandwich

Day 1 – Practice Identifying • Which types of clauses are these? – Joe-Bob built a fence. – While Gilbert complained – Unless Floober misunderstood him • There are two types of clauses in each sentence, here. Which one is which? – While Bobbi-Jo likes plaid, Floober prefers plain colors. – I like weekends because I can sleep in.

Day 2 – Recapping • Yesterday, we talked about clauses – independent and dependent. • Independent clauses can stand alone. • Dependent clauses can’t. • Now let’s talk about what we do with them.

Day 2 – Clauses to Sentences • Each sentence needs, bare minimum, one independent clause. • There are four types of sentences, dependent on what clauses are in them: – – Simple – One independent clause. Compound – Two independent clauses (or more). Complex – One independent (only) and one (or more) dependent clauses. Compound-Complex – Two independent clauses (or more) and one dependent clause (or more). • If you want the simple version: – – Simple – One ind. Compound – Two ind. Complex – One ind, one dep. Compound-Complex – Two ind, one dep.

Day 2 – Identifying Sentence Types • Let’s identify the clauses, then the sentence type, in each of these: – Floober is a stupid name. – When he heard me call his name stupid, Floober was offended. – Floober is an imaginary person, so I don’t care. – Joe-Bob cares, and he consoles Floober. – Joe-Bob and Floober are now friends because I insulted Floober’s name.

Day 3 – Recap • This week, we’ve discussed the following: – Independent Clauses – Subject, verb, stand alone – Dependent Clauses – Subject, verb, can’t stand alone – Simple Sentence – One ind cl – Compound Sentence – Two ind cl – Complex Sentence – One ind cl, one dep cl – Compound-Complex Sentence – Two ind cl, one dep cl • Today, let’s discuss how to properly join two clauses.

Day 3 – Joining Two Clauses • Joining a dependent clause to an independent clause can happen various ways; here’s two options: – Start with the dependent clause: – Because I wanted beef, I ordered the twelve ounce steak. – Notice the comma between the dep cl and ind cl. – End with the dependent clause: – I ordered the twelve ounce steak because I wanted beef. – Notice there’s no comma now, since we ended with the dep cl.

Day 3 – Joining Two Clauses • Joining two independent clauses has many more options to choose from: – – – A comma plus a coordinating conjunction: (CCs include For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) I ordered the steak, and she also ordered the steak. I ordered the steak, but she ordered the salad. I could order the steak, or I could order the potato skins as an entrée. – OR you could join two ind cl with a semi-colon by itself; – I like cheese; I eat it often. – OR with a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb or transitional phrase, and comma – I like cheese; consequently, I eat it often. – OR even with a colon, if the latter defines or expands upon the former – I like cheese: today, I devoured some very delicious provolone.

Day 4 – Recapping • • • Clauses vs Phrases Subjects – Implied and not Verbs Verbals Direct and Indirect Objects • Now, we’re going to bring back something we went over a while ago and add it to the mix: predicate adjectives and predicate nominatives.

Day 4 – DO, IO, PA, PN • Action verbs take direct objects and, sometimes, indirect objects. • A subject performs an action, and the object receives the action. – I want cheese. – Wumpus bites toy burgers. • Linking verbs, however, take predicate adjectives or predicate nominatives. • Here, the subject equals the predicate. We’re equating the subject with a state of being.

Day 4 - Practice • Let’s try finding them, together: – When Gilbert sat in his comfy chair, he wanted both a book and a cup of coffee. – Whether you use Italian dressing or balsamic vinaigrette, the salad will still be tasty. – Neither the pig nor the sheep knew what to say. – When you get to the castle, you’ll either have to open the draw-bridge or scale the walls.