Parallelism ENGL 394 What is parallelism Expression of

  • Slides: 28
Download presentation
Parallelism ENGL 394

Parallelism ENGL 394

What is parallelism? � Expression of two or more similar ideas using the same

What is parallelism? � Expression of two or more similar ideas using the same parallel structure ◦ -nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives � Helps your audience understand that ideas are related and of similar importance � Makes your writing easier to read and avoids reader confusion

Simple Example � Gary � Can likes to read, write, and play basketball. you

Simple Example � Gary � Can likes to read, write, and play basketball. you think of another way to write this sentence?

Simple Example � Gary likes to read, write, and play basketball likes reading, writing,

Simple Example � Gary likes to read, write, and play basketball likes reading, writing, and playing basketball.

Simple Example � Gary likes to read, write, and play basketball. � Gary likes

Simple Example � Gary likes to read, write, and play basketball. � Gary likes reading, writing, and playing basketball. � These examples use consistent verb tenses.

Simple Example � Gary likes to read, write, and playing basketball. � What’s wrong

Simple Example � Gary likes to read, write, and playing basketball. � What’s wrong with this sentence?

Simple Example � Gary likes to read, write, and playing basketball. � You never

Simple Example � Gary likes to read, write, and playing basketball. � You never want to mix word patterns.

Nouns � Andersen is hiring managers, programmers, and people who work in accounting. �

Nouns � Andersen is hiring managers, programmers, and people who work in accounting. � What’s wrong with this sentence?

Nouns � Andersen is hiring managers, programmers, and people who work in accounting. ”

Nouns � Andersen is hiring managers, programmers, and people who work in accounting. ” � PARALLEL: Andersen is hiring managers, programmers, and accountants.

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases � Andersen earns income by auditing, consulting, and by bookkeeping.

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases � Andersen earns income by auditing, consulting, and by bookkeeping. � What’s wrong with this sentence?

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases �A preposition sits before a noun or pronoun to show

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases �A preposition sits before a noun or pronoun to show the noun’s relationship to another word in the sentence. ◦ -about, at, before, behind, by, for, from, into, near, of, on, over, through, to, under �A prepositional phrase contains a preposition and an object of the preposition.

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases Chart from towson. edu

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases Chart from towson. edu

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases � Andersen earns income by auditing, consulting, and by bookkeeping.

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases � Andersen earns income by auditing, consulting, and by bookkeeping. � PARALLEL: Andersen earns income by auditing, consulting, and bookkeeping. � PARALLEL: Andersen earns income by auditing, by consulting, and by bookkeeping.

Keeping one form of expression � Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method,

Keeping one form of expression � Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed. � Is there something wrong with this sentence?

Keeping one form of expression � Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method,

Keeping one form of expression � Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed. � PARALLEL: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method. Common belief: In order to make your writing interesting, you have to vary the forms of your expressions. -Not necessarily true

Using Articles � The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese all speak different languages.

Using Articles � The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese all speak different languages. � What’s wrong with this sentence?

Using Articles � The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese all speak different languages.

Using Articles � The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese all speak different languages. � PARALLEL: The French, the Italians, the Spanish, and the Portuguese all speak different languages. � If you use an article (such as “the”) before a term, you must use it before all the terms.

Using Correlative Expressions � Be careful when using correlative expressions, such as both/and or

Using Correlative Expressions � Be careful when using correlative expressions, such as both/and or either/or.

Using Correlative Expressions � It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. �

Using Correlative Expressions � It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. � How can we fix this sentence?

Using Correlative Expressions � It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. �

Using Correlative Expressions � It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. � PARALLEL: tedious. The ceremony was both long and

Using Correlative Expressions � It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. �

Using Correlative Expressions � It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. � PARALLEL: tedious. The ceremony was both long and **Use either/or and neither/nor**

Using alternate wording � Sometimes, you have to use an entirely different word to

Using alternate wording � Sometimes, you have to use an entirely different word to maintain parallelism. � The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner. � Suggestions parallel? on how to make this sentence

Using alternate wording � The production manager was asked to write his report quickly,

Using alternate wording � The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in a detailed manner. � Instead of “in a detailed manner, ” use “thoroughly. ” � The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and thoroughly.

Keeping lists parallel � It is very important to keep lists parallel. � The

Keeping lists parallel � It is very important to keep lists parallel. � The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings, spellings, pronunciations, and looking up irregular verbs. � What’s wrong with this list?

Keeping lists parallel � The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings,

Keeping lists parallel � The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings, spellings, pronunciations, and looking up irregular verbs. � PARALLEL: The dictionary can be used to find these: word meanings, spellings, pronunciations, and irregular verbs.

Keeping lists parallel � You will be doing a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)

Keeping lists parallel � You will be doing a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of your client. � The SWOT analysis is essentially a list of internal and external factors. � It is important to keep your SWOT analysis parallel.

Tips for parallel writing � When proofreading your writing, stop at the words “and”

Tips for parallel writing � When proofreading your writing, stop at the words “and” or “or. ” Look at both sides of the word to see if surrounding words are parallel. � For items in a list, put them in a column.

Exercise: SWOT analysis � With your partner, work on the SWOT analysis of Silver

Exercise: SWOT analysis � With your partner, work on the SWOT analysis of Silver Spring Nursery School to make it parallel. � Structure the phrases/sentences in the way you think is best. � When you are finished, send me your new SWOT document: jennalesnoy@gmail. com