Outcomes of World War I World History and

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Outcomes of World War I World History and Geography II

Outcomes of World War I World History and Geography II

The Paris Peace Conference Goal = to negotiate terms of peace l Led by

The Paris Peace Conference Goal = to negotiate terms of peace l Led by the “Big Four” l l l Woodrow Wilson (US) Georges Clemenceau (France) David Lloyd George (Britain) Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Not invited: Russia, Germany, and its allies

The Treaty of Versailles = treaty signed between the Allied powers and Germany on

The Treaty of Versailles = treaty signed between the Allied powers and Germany on June 28, 1919. l It had FOUR major provisions: l l League of Nations Territorial Losses (Losers) Military Restrictions (Losers) War Guilt (Losers—Germany especially)

League of Nations l International peace organization l Established to prevent future wars l

League of Nations l International peace organization l Established to prevent future wars l Membership to include Allied war powers and 32 Allied and neutral nations l GERMANY AND RUSSIA EXCLUDED. l U. S. did not join (isolationism)

Territorial Losses l l Germany returns the Alsace-Lorraine region to France Germany surrenders ALL

Territorial Losses l l Germany returns the Alsace-Lorraine region to France Germany surrenders ALL of its overseas colonies in Africa and Asia

Military Restrictions l Limits set on size of German army l Germany prohibited from

Military Restrictions l Limits set on size of German army l Germany prohibited from importing or manufacturing weapons or war material l Germany forbidden to build or buy submarines or have an air force

War Guilt l Sole responsibility for the war placed on Germany’s shoulders l Germany

War Guilt l Sole responsibility for the war placed on Germany’s shoulders l Germany forced to pay the Allies… l $33 billion in reparations over 30 years “Reparations” are the payment for damages caused by war

Other Peace Treaties l Separate peace treaties with each of the other defeated nations:

Other Peace Treaties l Separate peace treaties with each of the other defeated nations: Austria-Hungary l Bulgaria l Ottoman Empire l l These treaties resulted in the development of new nations.

The Mandate System l l During the WWI: G. B. & France agreed to

The Mandate System l l During the WWI: G. B. & France agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman Empire and Middle East After WWI: G. B. got lands that became: Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine France controlled: Syria and Lebanon Division of the Ottoman Empire through the mandate system planted the seeds for future conflicts in the Middle East.

The Legacy of The Treaty of Versailles l The “treaty built on quicksand” l

The Legacy of The Treaty of Versailles l The “treaty built on quicksand” l America refused to sign l Germany = embittered angry by war guilt clause l Japan and Italy gained less territory than they wanted

Treatment of Colonized People l Colonized people who had fought in WWI wanted independence

Treatment of Colonized People l Colonized people who had fought in WWI wanted independence l European solution = the mandate system l Colonized people living in mandated territories angry that Allied powers ignored their desire for independence l Mandate system = Imperialism in disguise

Death Toll: 10 million dead l 21 million wounded l 7 million civilians died

Death Toll: 10 million dead l 21 million wounded l 7 million civilians died as a result of starvation, disease, and slaughter. l Entire generation of Europeans wiped out l

Economic Hardships: l The war has been estimated to cost a total of $338

Economic Hardships: l The war has been estimated to cost a total of $338 billion l Countless acres of land, homes, villages, and towns destroyed