ODESSA NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department of Hygiene and

ODESSA NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Department of Hygiene and Medical Ecology Introduction in subject. The methods of hygienic investigations. Shanyhin Anton

Books for preparation for practical tasks in hygiene and medical ecology

• Hygiene is basic preventive science. It studies influence of the environmental factors on the human organism and social health; • It has the goal to determine and theoretical substantiate hygienic norms, sanitary rules and measures realization of which provides optimal condition for life and activity of people, improving the health and prevention of diseases. • General hygiene is the science of health and embraces all factors which contribute to healthful living.

This subject studies the factors which influence on human body, create threshold values of these factors. There are psychogenic (information) and material (chemical, physical, biological). The main aim of the subject is the prevention of diseases. Successful prevention depends upon a knowledge of causation, dynamics of transmission, identification of risk factors and risk group, an organization for applying these measures to appropriate persons or group and continuous evaluation of (and development of procedures applied).

Prevention is defined in terms of three level: • primary prevention • secondary prevention • tertiary prevention.

Hygiene is dealing with first level mainly. The aim of primary prevention is to maintain health by removing the precipitating causes and determinants of departures from good health. The principal topics of the subject are: • Hygiene of atmospheric air • Water and water-supply hygiene • Hygiene of nutrition • Radiological hygiene • Occupational hygiene • Hygiene of children and teenagers • Hospital hygiene • Hygiene of extremal situation • Tropical hygiene

HEALTH • Health is derived from the old English word hal, meaning hale, whole, healed, sound in wind and limb. The preamble to the constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) describes health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Methods of hygienic researches: - method of sanitary examination and describing - experimental methods: • experiment with simulation of natural conditions • laboratory experiment on animals • chambers experiment on people • “natural experiment” -sanitary statistic methods: • method of mathematical modeling - epidemiological method

Microclimate is the complex characteristics of influence of metheofactors (air temperature, humidity, air velocity, radiation temperature) in limited spaces (town, district, street, building, office, apartment, room) upon human organism.

Microclimate - is thermal condition of environment which is characterized by the complex of factors which influence on the heat exchange of a man. Microclimate comfortable discomfortable overcooling overheating

Hygienic normatives of microclimate parameters for various premises. Air temperature Measure units Devices methods o. C Thermometers Richard`s thermograph (recording thermometer) thermometry August`s psychrometer Assman`s psychrometer gygrometers (Koppes, Lambreht, Crova) Richard`s gygrograph (recording gygrometer) psychrometry o. F=0. 556 o. C (o. R)=1. 25 o. C Air humidity absolute maximal relative deficit of saturation physiological deficit of humidity point of condensation mm Hg % mm Hg o. C Air movement velocity m/s Bofort`s scale bals Anaemometers (Robinson (calix a. ), Casselli (wing a. ). Vild anemometry Atmospheric pressure Pa mm Hg=133. 322 Pa atm=1013. 25 k. Pa barometer-anaeroid (Vidie, Bourdon) mercurial barometer barometry cal/cm 2 s (actinometer) piranometer ultraviolmeter uvimeter ermeter - (actinometry) piranometry ultraviolmetry ermetry Kulichkova`s chemical (oxalaturanilum) method Ionometer ionometry Intensivity of radiation energy UV-radiation W/ cm 2 er/m 2 Air ionization m-3

History of general hygiene and social medicine department: It was founded in 1903 by Khlopin Grigory Vitalyevich. He`s the follower of Erisman (leader of Moscow scientific school of hygienists). His scientific works promoted the experimental direction in hygiene. The equipment of department was very contemporary, it was used the best technical and scientific achievements of that time. Khlopin was a Head of the department in 1903 -1904. In this time he investigated the influence of sanitary state of city and sea port on morbidity and mortallness of people. It was written 146 scientific works and traits by Khlopin. His works topics were environmental health, sanitary microbiology, epidemiology, hygiene of nutrition, occupational and war hygiene.

Blauberg Magnus Bogdanovich In 1904 the Head of the department was Blauberg Magnus Bogdanovich. He made the fundamental researches by questions of vine falsification and other aspects of hygiene of nutrition.

Ivanovich Kiyanitzin was the Head of general hygiene department in 1905 -1915. He`s written above 30 scientific works about chemical analyses of water, air, foodstuffs.

Kostyamin Nicolay Nicalayovich 57 scientific works by hygiene of nutrition, war hygiene were the result of activity of Kostyamin Nicolay Nicalayovich. He was the Head of the department in 1915 -1952. Odessa regional society of hygienists and epidemiologists was founded by him in 1938.

Stoyanovsky Alexandr Fedorovich was the Head of the general hygiene department in 1952 -1966. He is the author of 60 scientific works. He wrote the topic “Water and water supply” in the hygiene textbook which had many editions. The book “The influence of surrounding conditions upon immunebiologic reactivity of organism” was one of the first in USSR on topic of methatoxic action of harmful determinants of environment and immunology changes in human organism.

Babov Dmitry Michailovich The way from an aspirant to a Head of general hygiene department was gone by Babov Dmitry Michailovich. He was a Head from 1966 to 1983. His scientific interests based mainly on elaborations of communal hygiene question.

Nikolay Nicolayexich Nadvorny From 1983 to 1996 Nikolay Nicolayexich Nadvorny was the Head of the department. He is the foundator of scientific direction of hygiene of maritime environment in Ukraine. About 150 scientific works were written by him.

Lobenco Anatoliy Alexandrovich In 1996 -1998 academic Lobenco Anatoliy Alexandrovich became the head of maritime medicine and general hygiene department.

Vladimirovich Kolodenko is the head of general hygiene and social medicine department from 1998.

Vladimirovich Babienko Now the head of the department of hygiene and medical ecology is a doctor of medical sciences, professor – Vladimirovich Babienko

Thanks for attention! Theme of the next lesson: “Influence of natural light on the body of a healthy and sick person. Hygienic estimation of artificial lighting in domestic and industrial conditions”