NOUN CLAUSE WHAT IS A NOUN Definitions of

NOUN CLAUSE

WHAT IS A NOUN? Definitions of Noun �The English word “noun” comes from the Latin ‘nomen’ meaning ‘name’. The function of noun is to name someone or something. �According to Oxford Dictionary (Pearsall, 1999: 945), noun is a word used to identify any of a class of people, places or things, or to name a particular one of these. �It can be concluded that noun is a word that functions to identify someone or

WHAT IS A CLAUSE? Definition of Clause �A clause is a group of related words. It contains a subject and a verb (Betty, 1993: 346). �Clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. it can take the place of different parts of speech (http: //esl. lbcc. ca. us/eesllessons/nounclau ses/nounclause. htm). �It can be concluded that clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb, which can take the place of different of speech.

NOUN CLAUSE Definition of Noun Clause �A noun clause is a dependent clause and cannot stand alone as a sentence (Betty Schrampfer Azar, 1993: 346). �In a noun clause, the full subject and predicate are retained. The noun clause fills the same position and serves the same function as noun (Frank, 1972: 283). �So, it can be concluded that noun clause is a dependent clause that has function as a subject, or complement.

TYPES OF NOUN CLAUSES A. Noun Clauses as Subjects Example 1 Whoever leaves last should turn off the lights. In this example, the sentence is about ‘whoever leaves last’. ‘Whoever leaves last’ is also the person performing the action of turning off the lights. Therefore, the noun clause is the subject of the sentence. Example 2 That people need water to survive should be obvious to everyone. Here, the sentence is about the fact ‘that people need water to survive’, and so the noun clause works as the subject.

B. Noun Clauses as Objects are words that ‘receive’ another part of a sentence. There are three types of objects. • Direct objects – receive the action of the verb. • Indirect objects – receive direct objects. • Objects of prepositions – receive prepositions. Example 1 My dog will eat whatever food I give him. Here, the noun clause receives the action of the verb ‘eat’ so it is a direct object. It answers the question, “eat what? ” Example 2 The judges will award whichever painting they like the most the blue ribbon. Here, the noun clause is receiving the direct object ‘blue ribbon’. (‘Blue ribbon’ is the direct object because it is receiving the verb ‘award’.

C. Noun Clauses as Compliments A compliment re-states or gives more information about a noun. It always follows a state-of-being verb (is, are, am, will be, was, were). Example 1 The winner will be whoever gets the most votes. The noun clause here is a complement because it gives more information about ‘winner’. Example 2 My hope is that everyone here becomes friends. Here, the noun clause is a complement because it tells more about ‘hope’.

Question word • • • what(ever) what (time, kind, day, etc) who(ever) whose whom(ever) which(ever) where(ever) when(ever) how (long, far, many times, old, etc)

Examples � The class listened to what the teacher said. � The kitten followed wherever the woman went. � Many people imagine how many time the man was failed before success. � I know what you did last summer. � You should know when you have to go. � I parked my car where you waited me yesterday. � Mr. John is the man who murders this man. � I don’t know why you said goodbye. � This the way how fix the problem we face.

That-clause as a noun clause A that-clause is an example of a noun clause. It can be the subject or the object of the verb. I believe that he is innocent. Here that-clause ‘that he is innocent’ is the object of the verb believe. She said that she can speak three languages. (Object – that she can speak three languages) I suspect that she eloped with her boyfriend. The that-clause can also act as the subject of the verb. Study the examples given below. That she should forget me so quickly was rather a shock. Here that-clause ‘that she should forget me so quickly’ acts as the subject of the verb was. That she delivered a marvelous performance pleased her parents. (Subject – that she delivered a marvelous performance)

Instead of ‘that’ we can also use the expressions ‘the fact that’, ‘the belief that’, ‘the idea that’ and ‘the evidence that’. The fact that she didn’t recognize me was rather a shock. The fact that she didn’t understand English made it difficult for her to get a job. The idea that the teacher should know everything is unacceptable. If the subject is too long, it may be difficult for the reader to understand the sentence. To solve this problem, we usually use the introductory ‘it’. In this case, ‘it’ will occupy the position of the subject, but it is not the real subject. It merely signals that a noun-clause is to follow. Examples are given below. It surprised me that he was still in bed. (More natural than ‘That he was still in bed surprised me. ’)

If /Whether Sometimes if and whether are interchangeable, but sometimes using one or the other will change the meaning of your sentence. Here are some examples and an explanation. Although in informal writing and speech the two words are often used interchangeably, in formal writing, such as in technical writing at work, it's a good idea to make a distinction between them because the meaning can sometimes be different depending on which word you use. The formal rule is to use if when you have a conditional sentence and whether when you are showing that two alternatives are possible. Some examples will make this more clear. Here's an example where the two words could be interchangeable: Squiggly didn't know whether. Aardvark would arrive on Friday. Squiggly didn't know if Aardvark would arrive on Friday. In either sentence, the meaning is that Aardvark may or may not arrive on Friday. Now, here are some examples where the words are not interchangeable: Squiggly didn't know whether. Aardvark would arrive on Friday or Saturday. Because I used whether, you know that there are two possibilities: Aardvark will arrive on Friday or Aardvark will arrive on Saturday

Now see how the sentence has a different meaning when I use if instead of whether: Squiggly didn't know if Aardvark would arrive on Friday or Saturday. Now in addition to arriving on Friday or Saturday, it's possible that Aardvark may not arrive at all. These last two sentences show why it is better to use whether when you have two possibilities, and that is why I recommend using whether instead of ifwhen you have two possibilities, even when the meaning wouldn't change if you use if. It's safer and more consistent. Here's a final pair of examples: Call Squiggly if you are going to arrive on Friday. Call Squiggly whether or not you are going to arrive on Friday. The first sentence is conditional. Call Squiggly if you are going to arrive on Fridaymeans Aardvark only needs to call if he is coming. The second sentence is not conditional. Call Squiggly whether or not you are going to arrive on Friday means Aardvark needs to call either way. To sum up, use whether when you have two discrete choices or mean "regardless of whether, " and use if for conditional

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