Clauses Kinds and Types Coordination and Subordination Language

Clauses: Kinds and Types Coordination and Subordination Language Network Pg. 92

Kinds of Clauses Independent Clause – Contains a subject, a verb, conveys a complete thought, and is also know as a complete sentence ¥ Subordinate Clause - Contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought. ¥

Types of Clauses ¥ Adjective Clause – is a subordinate clause used as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun ¥ Adverb Clause – is a subordinate clause used as an adverb to modify an adjective, adverb, or a verb ¥ Noun Clause – is a subordinate clause used as a noun.

Coordination ¥ Coordination is used to join two independent clauses together. ¥ The sentences are joined with a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) + a comma.

Examples ¥ Two independent clauses: The Daily Show is popular. It is more entertaining than reality. ¥ Joined through coordination: The Daily Show is popular, and it is more entertaining than reality.

Subordination ¥A subordinate clause (dependant clause) contains a subject and a verb, but does not express a complete thought. ¥ Like coordination, subordination is a way to join short sentences with related ideas into a longer, more sophisticated sentence.

Examples ¥ Subordinate clause: because he was accepted into the Officer Training Program ¥ *If we left that sentence alone, it would be called a fragment. Why? ¥ We will join this subordinate clause to an independent clause to make it a complete thought. We join subordinate clauses with subordinating conjunctions!

Example and Subordinating Conjunctions ¥ Example: Patti is proud of her son because he was accepted into the Officer Training Program ¥ Subordinating conjunctions: After, Although, As, Because, Before, Until, When, Where, While, Since, and there are others.

Where does the subordinating clause go in a sentence? ¥ When a subordinate clause ends the sentence, it usually does not need to be preceded by a comma (, ). ¥ You can also put a subordinating conjunction and a subordinating clause at the beginning of a new sentence. When the dependant clause comes first, use a comma to separate it from the rest of the sentence.

Example ¥ When I eat out, I usually have steak. ¥ Identify the subordinating conjunction, subordinating clause, and the independent clause.

Answers… ¥ When (Subordinating conjunction) ¥ I eat out (Subordinating clause) ¥ I usually eat steak. (Independent clause) Who are my winners?

Why do we need to know this? ¥ Using subordination creates variety in your sentence structure, and gives your writing style.

There are other ways to create variety ¥ ¥ ¥ You can use a prepositional phrase, infinitive phrase, participle phrase, and a gerund phrase to start any sentence! Prepositional phrase: Through the woods Infinitive phrase (to + a verb) To win is my passion Participle phrase: The screaming goat was caught in the fence. Gerund phrase: Swimming is my worst fear Appositive Phrase: Sharon, my friend.

Adjective Clauses ¥ ¥ ¥ Adjectives tell: which one, how many, how much, or what kind A subordinate clause that is used to modify a noun or pronoun. Words that introduce adjective clauses: who, whom, whose, that, which, when, where, why. ¥ ¥ ¥ Essential and nonessential adjective clauses: “That” is used to introduce an essential clause (No comma) “Which” is used to introduce a nonessential clause. (Comma)

Adverb Clauses ¥ ¥ Adverbs tell: where, why, how, when, or to what degree something was done A subordinate clause used to modify a verb, adjective or adverb ¥ Subordinative conjunctions are used to introduce an adverb clause. Look on pg. 96 at the table for examples.

Classwork: On pg. 97, 1 -10 A. Write the adjective or adverb clause and the word those modify. Example: 1. Who have family trees / ones