LING 432 532 Sociolinguistics Spring 2011 Slide 1

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 1 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Read articles on African-American English and Chicano English at: http: //www. pbs. org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/AAVE/ http: //www. pbs. org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/chicano/

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 2 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed. ØAfrican American Vernacular English (AAVE) features ØSee website for examples: http: //www. eng. umu. se/city/therese/Linguistics/featuresintro. htm ØSee this website for another list of features: Øhttp: //bryan. myweb. uga. edu/AAVE/features. html

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 3 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed. ØAfrican American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp. 214 -15)

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 4 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram, Walt. 2005. African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell. 87 -100. ØAfrican American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp. 94 -96)

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 5 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram, Walt. 2005. African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell. 87 -100. ØAfrican American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp. 94 -96)

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 6 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram, Walt. 2005. African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell. 87 -100. ØAfrican American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp. 94 -96)

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 7 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram, Walt. 2005. African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell. 87 -100. ØAfrican American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp. 94 -96)

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 8 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram, Walt. 2005. African American English. In Martin, J Ball, ed. Clinical Sociolinguistics. Malden/Oxford: Blackwell. 87 -100. ØAfrican American Vernacular English (AAVE) features (pp. 94 -96)

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 9 Wardhaugh Ch 14 ØFrom O'Grady, W. , Archibald, J. , Aronoff, M. , Rees-Miller, J. (2009). Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction (6 th edition).

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 10 Wardhaugh Ch 14 ØFrom O'Grady, W. , Archibald, J. , Aronoff, M. , Rees-Miller, J. (2009). Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction (6 th edition).

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 11 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed. ØAAVE - shares many features with Standard American English (SAE) and even more with White southern speech ØSometimes the differences are in frequency or environment - t/d deletion is not UNIQUE to AAVE, but where it applies is (delete even if next work begins with vowel) ØNot all AAVE speakers are African-American and not all African. Americans speak AAVE

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 12 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed. ØOrigins of AAVE debate ØAnglicist argument - says that AAVE is based on other dialects of English and has features found in all dialects of English ØCreolist hypothesis - says that AAVE has as its origins a creole from the need to communicate among the slaves of diff lang background in the southern plantations - AAVE is decreolizing and becoming more like English as time goes on - many features of AAVE common to creoles ØVery heated debate - slave narratives we saw on Do You Speak American indicate that AAVE of older speakers is closer to standard English, suggesting that AAVE is becoming LESS like English today (diverging) which doesn’t work well with decreolization hypothesis ØWatch clips from Wolfram’s DVD about North Carolina

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 13 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Info from Wolfram & Schilling-Estes, 2006, American English, 2 nd Ed. ØOrigins of AAVE debate ØDivergence - differences in AAVE due to divergence from Standard English ØConvergence - AAVE once a creole is converging and becoming more like Standard English so that it now looks like a variety of English rather than a creole

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Slide 14 Wardhaugh Ch 14 - Disadvantage ØBernstein - restricted code versus elaborated code - tried to explain why lower working class students did so poorly in school (no access at home to elaborated code which is code of education) ØProblems: makes the restricted code deficient (deficit model)

LING 432 -532 – Sociolinguistics – Spring 2011 Wardhaugh Ch 14 Slide 15 Ch 14 - Disadvantage ØEbonics - Oakland school board decision - basically, tried to call AAVE a different language to access ESL funds for AA students. ØSee Ling Society of America resolution http: //linguistlist. org/topics/ebonics/lsa-ebonics. html ØJohn Rickford’s opinion: Øhttp: //www. stanford. edu/~rickford/papers/Ebonics. In. My. Backyard. html ØMany have tried (including Labov) to use linguistic knowledge of AAVE to help bridge the student gap to standard English but haven’t been successful - talk about Do You Speak American jeopardy game