ITM 1201 Introduction to Tourism and Hotel Industry

  • Slides: 25
Download presentation
ITM 1201 : Introduction to Tourism and Hotel Industry

ITM 1201 : Introduction to Tourism and Hotel Industry

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to tourism

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to tourism

Introduction to tourism • Tourism is the worldwide industry to travel, hotels, transportation, entertainment

Introduction to tourism • Tourism is the worldwide industry to travel, hotels, transportation, entertainment and all other products and services, including the promotion and selling, that serves the needs and wants of tourists and travelers. • Tourism is the world’s largest industry in terms of money generated and employment created. In Thailand the tourism industry usually earns more money than any other industry. In addition, the tourism industry in Thailand provides many employment opportunities with many of these being well paid.

Introduction to tourism • All travelers and tourists have different needs. We will be

Introduction to tourism • All travelers and tourists have different needs. We will be looking at why and where people travel. To be able to understand the needs, wants and expectations of travelers and tourists, you must understand what motivates people, their needs, and what their expectations are. • To be able to work in the travel and tourism industry, it is important to understand people’s needs, wants and expectations. By understanding, you will make your job easier and more interesting, and you will create a good impression of yourself and the organization you represent

A brief history of travel and tourism • Through history, there have been travelers.

A brief history of travel and tourism • Through history, there have been travelers. The Old Testament describes the journey of the Israelites from Egypt to the “Promised Land. ” The walls of a temple in Luxor, Egypt chronicle the pleasure cruise of Queen Hastshepsut to the ancient land of Punt which is now Somalia. History books give accounts of famous travelers, such as the Vikings, Marco Polo, and Christopher Columbus.

Requirements for travel • In the time of Roman Empire, a wealthy citizen could

Requirements for travel • In the time of Roman Empire, a wealthy citizen could travel quite easily. The Roman government had built a magnificent network of roads. Fresh relays of horses were available every five to six miles. A single system of currency throughout the empire facilitated payments for food and lodging. Most important, the Pax Romana, or Roman peace, guaranteed travelers a high degree of safety.

Requirements for travel • In order for travel to flourish, there must be an

Requirements for travel • In order for travel to flourish, there must be an efficient transportation system and an atmosphere of peace and political stability. Travel, especially travel for pleasure, also requires economic prosperity and leisure time. When the Roman Empire declined, so did travel. The wealthy class disappeared, roads deteriorated, and the countryside was overrun by hoodlums. • In the dark ages that followed from A. D. 500 to 1450 A. D. , travel became what it had generally been throughout most of history, dangerous and difficult Peasants rarely left villages. When merchants and clergy had to travel, they journeyed by foot or by crude ox-drawn carts often over rough terrain.

Requirements for travel • It was not until the industrial revolution, which began in

Requirements for travel • It was not until the industrial revolution, which began in the mid 1700’s, that travel started to be more common. A series of advances in transportation including the development of the stage coach, steamboat, and railroad that made travel easier. In addition to technological changes, social changes contributed to the growth of travel. A middle class, with money and leisure time, was developing. Wishing to escape occasionally from bleak-city life these people retreated to seaside resorts for recreation.

Requirements for travel • In the twentieth century, the development of automobiles and motor-coaches

Requirements for travel • In the twentieth century, the development of automobiles and motor-coaches created a demand for better roads, people were soon driving all over the country. With the first Trans-Atlantic jet flight in the late 1950’s fast, comfortable, and economical international travel became possible.

Requirements for travel • In the last forty years, the volume of travel has

Requirements for travel • In the last forty years, the volume of travel has increased tremendously. Partly the result of improvements in transportation, this increase is also attributable to economic prosperity and social changes. Whereas only wealthy people journeyed for pleasure in the past, today. In general, the more education people receive, the more likely are to travel. Paid annual vacations and public holidays give people more leisure time to devote to travel. The concept of travel is an ancient one, but package travel, comprising combined arrangements for transportation, accommodation, sightseeing, and other features, is a recent development, however we can trace is origins to the grand tour.

The Pioneer of the Package Tour • Thomas Cook organized the first publicly advertised

The Pioneer of the Package Tour • Thomas Cook organized the first publicly advertised package tour. In 1841, he chartered a train to carry 570 people to a temperance meeting. This first tour featured a number of components that have become standard for many package tours. It included transportation )a 22 mile round trip rail journey); meals (a picnic lunch and afternoon tea); entertainment)a band playing hymns)an event)the temperance meeting); and the services of a tour escort. (Thomas Cook. )

The Pioneer of the Package Tour • The success of this and later excursions

The Pioneer of the Package Tour • The success of this and later excursions encouraged Cook to form the world’s first travel agency and to branch out into overseas travel. In 1856, Cook led the first conducted grand tour of Europe. By the late 1860’s Cook his agency was offering Nile cruises using his own fleet luxury riverboats, rail trips to India, and guided tours of the United States and the Holy Lands in which they stayed in tents. Other firsts’ for Cook included the introduction of travel brochures, travel magazines, passenger itineraries, and vouchers or coupons to speed payment for the services. He also introduced the world’s first from of traveler’s cheques that could be cashed at certain hotels and banks.

Reasons for travel • Throughout history, most travel was undertaken because of necessity not

Reasons for travel • Throughout history, most travel was undertaken because of necessity not for pleasure. People traveled to satisfy basic needs for survival. They searched for food and shelter or fled from enemies. Many people traveled in search of a better life. They scouted for fertile farmland to which they could move their families. • This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for the fun of it. Even in ancient times, some pleasure travel occurred. During a typical season 700, 000 tourists would crowd into Ephesus, a city in Asia Minor, where they were entertained by acrobats, animal acts, jugglers and magicians. Wealthy Romans made trips to Greece to take in the Olympic games, theatrical productions, and festivals.

Reasons for travel • There have been other motivations for travel as well. During

Reasons for travel • There have been other motivations for travel as well. During the Middle ages, people went on pilgrimages to holy cities and shrines. They did so to pay homage to a saint or to fulfill a vow. The passport originated in 1388 when King Richard II required English pilgrims to obtain, and carry permits before they could travel to other countries. • Travel for the purpose of conducting trade, in other words business travel, has been going on for centuries. Traders from Phoenicia, a civilization that existed from 1100 BC to 332 BC, sailed from port in the Mediterranean. Early travel from China and India was based on trade.

Reasons for travel • Notions about cures for ailments of the body have also

Reasons for travel • Notions about cures for ailments of the body have also influenced travel. It was fashionable members of European high society to visit various German spas. These people sipped mineral water all day and then entertained themselves with banquets, dancing, and gambling all night. Destinations of historic and cultural significance have attracted travelers through the ages. This reason for travel originated with the grand tour in the seventh century. As part of their education, male youth , of the British aristocracy went on an extended tour of the continent. Accompanied by tutors and servants, the young gentlemen toured the cathedrals, castles, and galleries of Europe, especially in France and Italy. They learnt to speak several languages and were introduced to Europe’s aristocracy. The grand tour usually took two to three years.

The Evolution of the Package Tour • While personally conducted group tours were an

The Evolution of the Package Tour • While personally conducted group tours were an important service offered by early travel agencies, most of their business was in handling travel and hotel accommodation for travelers making independent trips. These custom-made trips were the customers’ main until the early 1960 s. • The breakthrough of the pre-arranged package tour came with the arrival of the jet age in 1958. The speed of aircraft greatly increased(from a cruising speed of 105 k. p. h. 1921 to the present, with jet engines with a cruising speed of 900 k. p. h. and faster and with Concorde flying faster than the speed of sound. The space shuttle flies at over 20, 000 k. p. h.

The Evolution of the Package Tour • There are tests on more super-sonic aircraft

The Evolution of the Package Tour • There are tests on more super-sonic aircraft that will have the present time taken on long-haul flights being flown by jets. Another important factor is the amount of passengers that can be carried on an aircraft, two passengers in 1921, sixty passengers in 1960, and now in excess of four hundred, with new aircraft currently being built which will carry six hundred. Also the airlines flight routes and the number of aircraft operated by the airlines. In 1960, Thai Airways had a fleet of only three aircraft which served ten regional overseas destinations which were Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Saigon, Phnom Penh, Rangoon, Calcutta, Hong Kong, Taipei, and Tokyo. As of January 2003 Thai International operates a fleet of eighty-one aircraft serving seventy-seven destinations, seventeen which are domestic and fiftynine overseas.

The Evolution of the Package Tour • They fly to thirty-four different countries worldwide.

The Evolution of the Package Tour • They fly to thirty-four different countries worldwide. Another example of the development of airlines is shown by KLM. Their first flight from Amsterdam to Bangkok departed Amsterdam on 20 September 1929 and arrived twelve days later in Bangkok. The Fokker aircraft, , that seated eighteen passengers , flew the 14, 000 kilometer trip with eighteen spots and the total trip comprised of eighty-nine flying hours. Today this same route is flown by KLM and the trip, which is non- stop, takes ten hours fifty-five minutes.

The Evolution of the Package Tour • Time saving, together with increased incomes and

The Evolution of the Package Tour • Time saving, together with increased incomes and lower airfares, brought overseas travel within the reach of a new market. International travel, which had only been for the wealthy few and business travelers was now within the reach of many people. Tour operators developed a variety of packages to cater to the new middleclass. of travelers. The package tour was designed to offer bargain prices, convenience, and reliability.

The different types of travels • There are many different types of travelers, and

The different types of travels • There are many different types of travelers, and they have different names depending on a number of reasons. Tourists are not only travelers and the tourism industry caters for all travelers, not only tourists. • When talking of traveling or taking a trip it is to a place that is more than 40 kilometers away and not traveling to a the same place on almost a daily basis for example school or work.

The different types of travels • A person who travels a long distance from

The different types of travels • A person who travels a long distance from school or work is called a communter. • The term traveler means someone who travels from one place to another for any reason, except to and from work, There is no minimum or maximum time limit for a traveler. • A tourists is a special type of traveler that is clearly defined. That is someone who travels from one place to another for non-work reasons (They are not going to that location to work or find employment). That stay more than 24 hours and less than one year. People traveling to a location for business reasons conferences, business meetings, conventions, exhibitions, and seminars etc. are included.

The different types of travels • If someone stays less than 24 hours than

The different types of travels • If someone stays less than 24 hours than they are called an excursionist, that is someone who travels from one place to another for non-work reasons, they stay less than 24 hours and business travel is included. • If someone travels longer than one year than there is no special term used, they would be called a traveler. • Other names are given to different types of travelers depending on the reason for travel. • An immigrant is someone from one country going to another country to live there permanently. Quite often an immigrant will change their nationality to that of the new country.

The different types of travels • A non-immigrant is someone who stats in a

The different types of travels • A non-immigrant is someone who stats in a country for a long period of time for a special reason, usually for work or study. They have official permission for the time it takes to complete their duties and are issued with a work permit or a special type of visa or both. • A refugee is someone who has been forced to leave their country for one of three reasons only, they are for political reasons, religious beliefs, or because of war. There are two types of refugees they are legal refugee, that is, someone with official permission to stay in the new country and illegal refugee, that is, someone who is staying in a country official permission of that country’s government.

The different types of travels • An alien is someone who lives in a

The different types of travels • An alien is someone who lives in a country without permission. They usually come to a country to find illegal employment or illegal activities. • A pilgrim is a person who travels to a religious site as an act of their religious love and respect. • A transit passenger is a person who travels through a country but does not officially enter that country. This is usually an airport-transfer where the person does not pass through customs or immigration of that country. Therefore there is no stamp in their passenger is not permitted to leave the airport and they must wait in the transit lounge.

THE END

THE END