INVENTIONS 3 1 3 2 3 3 3

INVENTIONS 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3. 6 History Definition The Great Inventions & Inventors New Inventions/Products/Designs Absurd/Weird Inventions/Products How have inventions affected us? Feb 2010/TKL

Pada awalnya, kegunaannya rekacipta bertujuan Perlindungan & Pengumpulan Makanan (Early inventions were mainly for Protection & Food Gathering)

Ini meliputi rekacipta: - SENJATA KUNO KASAR/MENTAH (crude tools/weapons)

Banyak Rekacipta berlaku sebelum prasejarah (masa penemuan oleh penulisan sejarah) (Many of the most significant inventions occurred before the period covered by written history) Ini meliputi rekacipta terawal Zaman Batu, ø Zaman Gangsa & ø Zaman Besi ø Prepared by Tsen Kui Loi Feb 2010

Ini meliputi rekacipta: - Kemajuan dalam Pertuturan (Development of Speech) J Penanaman Tanaman (Cultivation of Plants) õ Penyebaran Haiwan (Domestication of Animals)

B Kemajuan Senibina (Development of Building Technique) ~ Kemampuan menghasil & mengawal API (Ability to produce and control FIRE) å Kebolehan membuat tembikar (Ability to make Pottery)

Pertumbuhan Sistem Politikal yang mudah (Development of simple Political Systems) Penciptaan RODA (Invention of WHEEL)

Penulisan sejarah bermula dengan terciptanya Penulisan & Penulisan sebagai asas komunikasi telah menjadi penting dengan terciptanya alat mudah alih dalam kurun ke 15 (The period of recorded history began with the invention of writing, writing as a mean of Mass Communication became important with the invention movable type in the 15 th Century) Rekaciptaan berkembang perat dengan lancar dalam zaman penulisan sejarah, tetapi sejak kemunculan buku bercetak, manusia di seluruh dunia telah berupaya menyelami rekod penemuan masa lalu untuk di gunakan sebagai panduan membuat evolusi, penemuan dan penciptaan selanjutnya (Invention proceeded steadily throughout the period of written history, but since the advent of printed books, people all over the word have able to obtain records of the discoveries of the past for use as a basis for further evolution, discoveries and inventions)

Zaman Mesin yang bermula selaras dengan REVOLUSI PERINDUSTRIAN & terus berkembang hingga kehari ini, berkembang dari sekumpulan Perekacipta, yang mana paling penting termasuklah: The Machine Age which began with the Industrial Revolution and continued to this day, developed from a group of Inventors, of which the most important ones include:

C Penggunaan bahan galian fosil seperti Arang Batu sebagai punca Tenaga The use of Fossil Fuel such as COAL as sources of energy - Peningkatan proses Metalurgi (terutama besi & aluminum) The improvement of metallurgical processes (especially Steel and Aluminium)

~ Kemajuan elektrik & elektronik The development of Electricity and Electronics

Penciptaan pembakaran dalaman enjin The invention of the Internal Combustion Engine G Penggunaan besi & simen dalam kerja pembinaan The use of metal and cement in construction works ( Reinforced Concrete)

19 th Century Invented Method of Invention, R&D

Rekacipta yang terunggul pada kurun ke 19 ialah penciptaan cara merekacipta The Greatest Invention of the 19 th Century was the invention of of the Method of Invention Pertumbuhan besar Pembangunan dan Penyelidikan (P&P) dalam kurun ke 20 The enormous growth of Research and Development (R&D) in the 20 th Century

MAKMAL telah membangun dengan Pencapaian tinggi seperti: Laboratories have developed such outstanding achievement: » RADAR (US Naval Research Lab 1922) e NYLON (Dupoint 1938)

MAKMAL telah membangun dengan Pencapaian tinggi seperti: Laboratories have developed such outstanding achievement: º Transistors (Bell Lab 1948) Komputer Elektronik Berangka Digital Computer

REKACIPTA YANG BERKERJA SENDIRIAN: Inventions by INDIVIDUAL working on THEIR OWN ¾ Televisyen Television ¹ Kamera Polariod Polaroid camera

REKACIPTA YANG BERKERJA SENDIRIAN: Inventions by INDIVIDUAL working on THEIR OWN ! Pena Bolamata Ball Pen ¢ Xerox Mesin Salinan Xerox copying machine

SOALAN ? ? ? Question? ? Prepared by Tsen Kui Loi Feb 2010

DEFINISI REKACIPTA : Invention ialah perbuatan kreatif yang menghasilkan suatu alat, objek, idea, prosedur, proces atau teknik/kaedah yang cukup unik untuk menghasilkan perubahan yang bermakna dalam penggunaan teknologi. (INVENTION is an act of creativity that results in a device, object, idea, procedure, process or technique novel enough to produce a significant change in the application of technology

DEFINASI REKACIPTA Definasi yang Lebih Tetap: REKACIPTA ialah APA SAHAJA** yang dihasilkan oleh manusia yang BARU & UNIK Anything produced by human that is new and unique is an INVENTION **Alat, objek, idea, prosedur, proces atau teknik/kaedah

EVOLUSI (Evolution) Apa Sahaja peningkatan berperingkat dari sesuatu yang ringkas kepada yang lebih baik. The gradual Development of something from simple to more complicated/ better/improved forms EVOLUSI REKACIPTA

SEJARAH- KASUT

SOALAN ? ? ? Question? ? Prepared by Tsen Kui Loi Feb 2010

4 Great Inventions from Ancient China

4 Great Inventions from Ancient China

4 Great Inventions from Ancient China

4 Great Inventions from Ancient China

Contoh-contoh Rekaciptaan- rekaan dan Pereka-pereka Agung (Examples of Great Inventions & Inventors)

CONTOH 1 - ZIP/ZIPPER Bagaimana ianya direka dan dibangunkan? (How was it invented & developed? )

1851 Elias Howe mereka dan membuat paten pengancing pakaian automatik……. . Ianya adalah hasil kejayaan mesin penjahit, yang menyebabkannya menghentikan perekaan ‘Pengancing Pakaian Automatik’. Sebab itu, ia terlepas peluang menjadi ‘Bapa Zipper’ (Elias Howe invented & patented automatic continuous CLOSING CLOSURE. It was the success of “sewing machine” that made him not to pursue the Clothing Closure and hence MISSED his chance as “Father of the ZIPPER”

Whitcomb Judson Patented in 1893 Clasp Locker Complicated HOOK & EYE (Cangkuk & Mata) Tali Pengikat Kasut CLASP LOCKER Shoe Fastener 1893 Patented Clasp Locker

20 tahun kemudian, Gideon Sundback menghasilkan dengan rekabentuk yang baru. 20 years later, Gideon Sundback subsequently came up with a New Design ® Menambahkan jumlah ikatan dari 4 ikatan setiap inci kepada 11. Increased the number of fastening elements from four per inch to ten or eleven ® Dua baris gigi-gigi bertemu yang bersatu apabila ditolak pengikatnya dengan menggunakan slider. Two facing rows of teeth that pulled into a single piece by the slider

1917 Pengikat yang boleh dipisahkan (Separable Fastener) Nama ZIPPER diambil oleh B. F Goodrich Co. apabila mereka memutuskan untuk membuat suatu jenis kasut dari getah. The Zipper name came from B. F. Goodrich Co. when they decided to use on a new type of RUBBER BOOTS Paten Asal ORIGINAL PATENT

Dalam tahun 1930, penggunaan zip terhadap pakaian kanak telahpun bermula bagi mempromosikan pemakaian sendiri ke atas pakaian di kalangan kanak-kanak. 1 n 1930, it began to use Zippers for children clothing which promoted self-help clothing for young children.

Dalam tahun 1937, penggunaan zip telahpun menggantikan penggunaan butang, apabila pereka fesyen Perancis memperkenalkan penggunaan zip terhadap pakaian seluar lelaki. In 1937 the Zipper beat the Button when French Fashion designer introduced Zipers to men’s trousers.

Zipper terdapat pada pakaian, beg, barangan kulit dan bermacam-macam lagi. Zipper’ dihasilkan setiap hari untuk memenuhi keperluan pelanggan. Terima kasih di atas usaha pereka ‘Zipper’ yang terdahulu. Zipper is everywhere, in clothing, luggage and leather goods and countless other objects. Thousands miles of "Zipper” are produced daily to meet the needs of consumers, thanks to the early efforts of "Zipper" inventors.

CONTOH 2 - VELCRO PELEKAT YANG ENAKJUBKAN A BETTER FASTENER VELCRO® FASTENERS Juga dikenali ‘Pelekat & Gelung Pita pelekat bercangkuk dan keras manakala pita gelung, lembut dan gebu. Ia juga dipanggil “Pelekat Sentuh". Also called “Hook & Loop” Tape. The “Hook Tape” has stiff hooks while the “Loop Tape” is soft & fuzzy. Also known a “Touch Fastener”

BAGAIMANA GEORGE DE MENSTRAL MEREKA VELCRO? How did George De Mestral INVENT the VELCRO? Pada awal tahun 1940 -an semasa sedang berburu, beliau mendapati kot anjingya serta seluar kapasnya dipenuhi dengan cockleburs. Early of 1940’s hunting trip & found his dog’s coat & his wool pants covered with cockleburs. ùTertarik dengan kuasa cengkamannya (Fascinated by their "staying power”)

Memeriksa dengan kanta, beliau mendapati setiap satu mempunyai beratus -ratus cangkuk kecil pada setiap gelung fabrik pada seluarnya. ( Inspected under a magnifying glass & found each had hundreds of tiny hooks engaged in the loops of the fabric of his pants Menyedari bahawa sesuatu alat pelekat boleh dibuat berdasarkan prinsip ini (Realized that some type of fastener could be made based on the same principle) Ada yang beranggapan idea ini karut. Others thought his idea was absurd.

In 1948. he quitted as an engineer, got a loan for $150, 000 & with the help of a textile weaver in France, he designed his new "locking tape" from cotton but mass-production was a problem. By accident, he discovered that nylon, when sewn under infrared light, formed indestructible hooks. He made a special machine to duplicate the hooks and loops using nylon Named this new product Velcro — from the French words for velvet, “VELour", and hook, “CROchet".

BURRS + GELUNG (LOOPS) = CANGKUK (HOOKS) PERKAITAN The CONNECTION Hook Side is made of hundreds of tiny flexible HOOKS Loop Side is made of hundreds of small, soft LOOPS

VELCRO® FASTENERS Kesan Rekacipta Invention Impact Suatu alat yang praktikal dan yang berkesan (A practical and effective tool) Banyak digunakan pada pakaian, kapal terbang, peralatan pejabat, sukan dan alat-alat untuk riadah. (Widely used in clothing, aircraft, office equipment, and sporting and leisure equipment)

VELCRO® FASTENERS Kesan Rekacipta Invention Impact Juga digunakan pada kenderaan, industri perubatan, kejuruteraan nuklear dan program angkasa lepas NASA (Also used in automotive and medical industries, nuclear engineering & NASA’s space program)

VELCRO® FASTENERS Pada sekitar akhir tahun 1950 -an, mesin penenun mengeluarkan 60 juta ela Velcro setahun. Hari ini penyangkuk dan gelung George adalah yang paling popular. By the end of the 1950's, textile looms were churning out 60 million yards of Velcro per year. Today, George's hookand-loop creation is more popular than ever.

CONTOH 3 – LIQUID PAPER PERKAITAN The CONNECTION MENGECAT + MENAIP = v. Seorang setiausaha yang kurang biasa dengan mesin taip elektrik baru. v. Membuat kesalahan dan terpaksa mengulangi kerjanya…. berfikir…. v 1972, Liquid Paper dijual kepada Syarikat Gillette dengan harga US$50 juta.

The Evolution of LIQUID PAPER

CONTOH-CONTOH REKACIPTA TERKENAL n n Beliau bermula merekacipta pada umur 20 tahun & memiliki lebih 1, 000 paten Dia gagal 10, 000 kali dalam kerja rekacipta lampu elektrik. Mengikut beliau, dia tetap mengenalpasti 10, 000 cara yang kerjanya tidak berfungsi. “Kejayaan ialah 1% Inspirasi dan 99% Perspirasi/kerja keras” His success was built on 1% Inspiration & 99% Perspiration

CIRI-CIRI PERSAMAAN PEREKACIPTA Common Qualities possessed by Inventors 1. Ingin mengetahui Insatiable Curiosity 2. Tabahkan hati dalam mencari idea-idea Determination in pursuit of their ideas 3. Latihan teknikal atau kemahiran teknikal asas Technical training or native technical skill 4. Kebiasaan dengan sains Some familiarity with science 5. Kreativiti Creativity

Pencipta yang kreatif. Mereka minat luas. â Pencipta bermotivasi tinggi. Mereka menghadapi risiko. â Pencita pengalaman yang uas dan rajin bekerja dan â Pentingnya mereka menyelesaikan masalah. â Bersifat Ingin Mengetahui KREATIF (Be Creative) (Be Curious) Tidak Berputus Asa (Be Persistent) ANDA Kamu pun boleh berjaya menjadi seorng PENCIPTA You also can be an INVENTOR

SOALAN ? ? ? Question? ? Prepared by Tsen Kui Loi Feb 2010