Internationalized Domain Names IDN and Reverse DNS APNIC
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Internationalized Domain Names (IDN) and Reverse DNS APNIC Taipei James Seng jseng@pobox. org. sg co-chair, IDN Working Group
Punycode RFC 3492 ¡ Designed for use with Internationalized Domain Names ¡ It uniquely and reversibly transforms a Unicode string into an LDH string (Letter, Digit, Hyphen) ¡ Some compression to produce shorter string ¡ e. g. 新加坡 xn—yfro 4 i 67 omp 3 m
Stringprep/Nameprep RFC 3454/RFC 3451 ¡ Prepare internationalized domain name labels in order to increase the likelihood that name input and name comparison work in ways that make sense for typical users throughout the world. ¡ Based on UTR#15 (Normalization) & UTR#22 (Case Mapping) ¡ Stringprep is the generic processing [RFC 3454] ¡ Nameprep is a profile of stringprep for Internationalized Domain Names
IDNA RFC 3490 ¡ IDNA only upgrade in applications to handle IDN ¡ Consideration of legacy encoding and interopability ¡ Enforce Nameprep in applications ¡ Uses Nameprep-ACE’ed IDN over the wire
IDNA-Nameprep-Punycode User (Any encoding) IDNA processing Punycode Resolver Punycode unless protocol is updated Punycode DNS Servers Application Servers End System
IDNA-Nameprep-Punycode User Input: 新加坡 (48 34 28 51 38 34)GBK IDNA processing xn—yfro 4 i 67 omp 3 m Resolver xn—yfro 4 i 67 omp 3 m DNS Servers (E 6 96 B 0 E 5 8 A A 0 E 5 9 D A 1)UTF-8 Application Servers
So what? What does it mean to me as an DNS operator?
Delegation of 新加坡. sg sg. IN SOA IN NS . . . xn—yfro 4 i 67 omp 3 m ns. singapore. sg. ns 2. singapore. sg. nic. sg. root. nic. sg ( 2003011401 ; Serial 3 H ; Refresh 15 M ; Retry 7 D ; Expire 1 D) ; Minimum TTL ns. nic. sg. IN IN NS NS ns. singapore. sg. ns 2. singapore. sg. IN IN A A 11. 22. 33. 44. 55
Hosting of 新加坡. sg (in named. conf) zone "xn—yfro 4 i 67 omp 3 m. sg" { type "master“; file "singapore_db"; } (in singapore_db) xn—yfro 4 i 67 omp 3 m. sg. IN IN IN NS NS A IN SOA singapore. sg. root. singapore. sg ( 2003011401 ; Serial 3 H ; Refresh 15 M ; Retry 7 D ; Expire 1 D) ; Minimum TTL ns. singapore. sg. ns 2. singapore. sg. 1. 2. 3. 4
Hosting of 新加坡. sg (Reverse) (in named. conf) zone "3. 2. 1. in-addr. arpa" { type "master"; file "3. 2. 1_db"; } (in 3. 2. 1_db) @ IN 1 IN IN IN SOA NS NS A singapore. sg. root. singapore. sg ( 2003011401 ; Serial 3 H ; Refresh 15 M ; Retry 7 D ; Expire 1 D) ; Minimum TTL ns. singapore. sg. ns 2. singapore. sg. xn—yfro 4 i 67 omp 3 m. sg.
One Problem How the !@#$%^& I know 新加坡 => xn—yfro 4 i 67 omp 3 m?
Known tools available ¡ IDNKIT-1. 2 l ¡ GNU libidn l ¡ http: //www. nic. ad. jp/ja/idn/mdnkit/do wnload/#source http: //www. gnu. org/software/libidn/ Others?
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