Immune System Ji Min Lee NonSpecific Defense 1

Non-Specific Defense 1 st line of defense: skin, hair, stomach acid, mucus, cilia, lysosome

Specific Defense 3 rd line of defense: B-cells, and T-cells Only vertebrates (have) Targets

Inflammation Non-specific defense Increase blood flow to bring white blood cells to site of

Skin Non-specific defense Protect from microbes-prevents infections Regulate body temperature Enables senses Shedding regularly

Nose Hair Non-specific defense Filter foreign particles (microbes, dust, pollution) from entering nasal cavity

Mucus Non-specific defense Shield lungs from dust, bacteria, exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, viruses, etc.

Phagocytes Non-specific defense Engulf and absorb bacteria, small cells, cancerous cells, and particles Lysosomes

B-Cells Specific defense Make specific antibodies Memory: dormant until future infection release antibodies Asexual

Antibodies Specific defense Neutralize: shield antigen and prevent normal function Help phagocytosis: antigen precipitates,

T-Cells Specific defense Helper: secrete I-2 for more white blood cells Killer: secrete cytotoxin

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Immune System Ji Min Lee

Non-Specific Defense 1 st line of defense: skin, hair, stomach acid, mucus, cilia, lysosome (enzyme), and saliva 2 nd line of defense: inflammation, fever, phagocytes Existing from birth Does not target specific pathogens

Specific Defense 3 rd line of defense: B-cells, and T-cells Only vertebrates (have) Targets specific antigens Adaptive Active (permanent/reusable): natural (exposure) or artificial (vaccines) Passive (temporary): natural (antibodies across placenta or in mother’s milk) or artificial (injected)

Inflammation Non-specific defense Increase blood flow to bring white blood cells to site of infection with microbes Results in: redness, pain, swelling, and warmth Also results in fever (short time)-to prevent bacteria from surviving or multiplying (harder to survive and reproduce in extremely high temperatures), and increase rate of tissue repair

Skin Non-specific defense Protect from microbes-prevents infections Regulate body temperature Enables senses Shedding regularly disposes of surface microbes Zooming In Peeling skin is bad for my immune system

Nose Hair Non-specific defense Filter foreign particles (microbes, dust, pollution) from entering nasal cavity Collect moisture

Mucus Non-specific defense Shield lungs from dust, bacteria, exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke, viruses, etc. The Mucus

Phagocytes Non-specific defense Engulf and absorb bacteria, small cells, cancerous cells, and particles Lysosomes with digestive enzymes break down absorbed microbes, cells, and particles Exocytosis-remove indigestible material after absorption of nutrients Like a phagocyte

B-Cells Specific defense Make specific antibodies Memory: dormant until future infection release antibodies Asexual Reproduction Mitosis (Different Reproduction for Me)

Antibodies Specific defense Neutralize: shield antigen and prevent normal function Help phagocytosis: antigen precipitates, and signals phagocytes to attack Agglutination: clump bacteria together, also assists phagocytosis Antigen-antibody complex: lyse foreign cell or cause inflammation for more white blood cells

T-Cells Specific defense Helper: secrete I-2 for more white blood cells Killer: secrete cytotoxin destroy pathogen’s DNA, or perforin to create holes in pathogen’s plasma membrane lyse (rupture) Memory: remain dormant until future infection killer T -cells to fight pathogen We are Clones