I The Haitian Revolution A Revolution in Haiti

A. Revolution in Haiti 1. only successful slave revolt 2. on the Island of

B. Society in Saint-Domingue 1790: – 40, 000 white French settlers – 30, 000

C. The Revolt 1. inspired by American & French revolutions – 500 gens de

D. François-Dominique Toussaint (1744 -1803) 1. freed slave…renames self Louverture (“the opening”) 2. slave

4. 1802 arrested by Napoleon’s forces, died in jail 5. 1804: independence from France

II. Emergence of Ideologies 1. Conservativism – anti-revolutionary change – Edmund Burke (England, 1729

A. Nations & Nationalism 1. nation: cultural unit based on shared language, customs, values,

B. National Rebellions 1. Greek independence from Ottoman Turks (1830) 2. “Social” Rebellions of

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I. The Haitian Revolution

A. Revolution in Haiti 1. only successful slave revolt 2. on the Island of Hispaniola – – Spanish colony Santo Domingo in east French colony of Saint-Domingue in west 3. wealthy colony – sugar, coffee, cotton 2

HISPANIOLA

B. Society in Saint-Domingue 1790: – 40, 000 white French settlers – 30, 000 gens de couleur (mixed-race, freed) – 500, 000 black slaves (many flee to mountains as “maroons”) Did the Declaration of Rights of Man apply to male slaves?

C. The Revolt 1. inspired by American & French revolutions – 500 gens de couleur sent to fight British in America 2. in 1789 white settlers demand self-rule… 1791 civil war 3. slaves revolt under Boukman (a Vodou priest) August 14 th, 1791

D. François-Dominique Toussaint (1744 -1803) 1. freed slave…renames self Louverture (“the opening”) 2. slave revolt leader in 1791… 1801 named Governor for Life 3. 1801: constitution of equality and freed slaves in Santo Domingo

4. 1802 arrested by Napoleon’s forces, died in jail 5. 1804: independence from France & renamed Haiti (1 st black republic) “In overthrowing me, you have done no more than cut down the trunk of the tree of the black liberty in St. Domingue- it will spring back from the roots, for they are numerous and deep. ” - Toussaint L’Ouverture

II. Emergence of Ideologies 1. Conservativism – anti-revolutionary change – Edmund Burke (England, 1729 -1797) 2. Liberalism – anti-status quo – manage social change – John Stuart Mill (England, 1806 -1873)

A. Nations & Nationalism 1. nation: cultural unit based on shared language, customs, values, history 2. “nation” influences political boundaries 3. Types of nationalism: --cultural (Volksgeist: spirit of the people) --political (“unification”) 9

Europe after the Congress of Vienna

B. National Rebellions 1. Greek independence from Ottoman Turks (1830) 2. “Social” Rebellions of 1848 Causes: – conservative rule – nationalism – socioeconomic problems from Industrial Revolution – “hungry forties”…bad harvests (Irish Potato Famine) – rebels take Vienna; Metternich resigns & flees (“France sneezes & Europe catches a cold…)