WARM UP As a table group find all

+ WARM UP. As a table group find all the following and answer the Q’s. Be ready to share in 5 minutes. I Spy… n a cherub n n rum and tobacco n n African people n bananas n Flamingos n What do they represent? n Pineapples n What do they say about these islands? n What do they tell us about British attitudes toward the West Indies? n sugar cane n a boat n a royal Navy ship n a sea turtle n a European man sugar or rum barrels coconuts

+ Haitian Revolution

+ Haiti n Hayti, Taino word for the island n Western half of Santo Domingo, aka Hispaniola n French colony of Saint. Domingue, 1697 -1804 n 2 nd independent nation-state in Western Hemisphere n Site of largest successful slave revolt in history

+ Atlas Cover, 1794

+ French St. Domingue n French Colony n Richest Colony n Sugar, rum, coffee, Sugar cane n Slave labor

+ People of St. Domingue n African n Free Slaves people of color n Some biracial n Some black n Whites n Petit blancs n Plantation owners (grands blancs) n Many absentee owners

+ Boukman Rebellion, a massive slave revolt, 1791 n n Secret meetings Toussaint L’Ouverture emerged as a leader n n Spanish support French Revolution: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Boukman's Rebellion became a war Toussaint L’ouverture's army wins victories • 10, 000 whites flee St. Domingue (Haiti) • n National Assembly in France proclaims equality for all men However, they maintain slavery in their colonies n • Racial violence: petit blancs v. free people of color •

+ Civil War in Haiti n Years of fighting n More lives lost than any other revolution in the Americas n Spain, Britain, and France all sent armies to fight the rebels in Haiti. n Why would Britain and Spain get involved?

+ Results n By 1798, rebels had achieved their goal! n Slavery abolished n Toussaint’s forces controlled most of the island n Toussaint became a French Official

+ Toussaint rules Santo Domingo as Governor General, 1801 -1802 n. Constitution n Abolished of 1801 (All Santo-Domingo) slavery n Elected legislature n Santo Domingo remains French n Toussaint L’Ouverture = Governor General for life

+ Napoleon n Napoleon had seized power in 1799 in France n Sends army to Haiti in 1802 to reconquer St. Domingue n Attempts n Massive n to reinstitute slavery French casualties 50, 000 of 58, 000 die n French commander agrees to a ‘truce’, deceives and imprisons Toussaint L’Ouverture

+ Toussaint Dies in Prison n Toussaint L’Ouverture dies in a French Prison in 1803

+ Haitian Independence Continued n Cause death n Late for independence continued after Toussaint’s 1803, yellow fever had destroyed the French army n France surrenders n Island declares itself independent country in January of 1804. n New name: Haiti! n Haiti eventually becomes a republic in 1820

+ Haitian Revolution in World History n Napoleon abandons idea of empire in the Americas after losing Haiti n n sells Louisiana to the USA News spreads to the US n Rebellious slaves n Paranoid slaves n Haitian government shelters Simon Bolivar, before his successful wars of independence n Toussaint L’Ouverture becomes a hero to millions striving for freedom

+ Haitian Revolution Reading n Take additional notes n Answer n n n the following questions: How were slaves instrumental in achieving Haiti’s independence? What were the major accomplishments of Toussaint L’Ouverture? Describe the war fought between Dessalines and Le. Clerc. What was the leading cause of the Haitian Revolution? What made Toussaint a good leader? How did the Haitian Revolution inspire future events in the U. S. ?

+ Exit Ticket: Triangle, Square, Circle n 3 most important points of today n Something that “squares” (matches up/already knew) with your thinking. n Something still “circling” (something that is still unclear)