History of Management Thought Lecture 3 Schools of

History of Management Thought Lecture #3

Schools of Management Thought

Schools of Management Thought Classical School Behavioral School Management Science School

Classical School “One best way to manage” It is management’s job to ascertain the best way to perform a job, then teach that method to workers. The same philosophy applies to running the organization (the manager’s job)

Scientific Management The Scientific Method applied to work

Scientific Management Observation Measurement Logic Analysis

Frederick Taylor The “Father of Scientific Management”

Taylor & Scientific Management Experiment in Iron Foundry Shoveling Coal

Taylor & Shoveling Coal Standard Operating Procedure: Hire the man with the shovel

Taylor & Shoveling Coal New Idea: Use standardized shovels!!!

Taylor & Shoveling Coal Optimal shovel size for the average worker: 21 ½ pounds

Loading Pig Iron Intermediate product in the processing of iron ore into steel

Taylor & Loading Pig Iron Before: Average load of 12 ½ tons per day After: Average load of _____ tons per day Wages increased ____%

Taylor & Loading Pig Iron Productivity gain for company More money for worker Worker was less fatigued at end of day

Scientific Management Frank & Lillian Gilbreth Motion & Time Studies Therbligs

Gilbreths Brick-laying

Gilbreths Cheaper By the Dozen World War I telegram to President Wilson: Arriving Washington 7: 03 pm. If you don’t know how to use me, I’ll tell you.

Scientific Management Application of the Scientific Method to work Selection of the most capable workers Provide resources to workers

Scientific Management Train the workers Provide fair pay incentives to workers (share productivity gains)

Scientific Management: Bastardized Version Application of the Scientific Method to work Selection of the most capable workers Provide resources to workers Train the workers

Behavioral School aka Human Relations School Genesis was in an experiment in Scientific Management

Behavioral School Western Electric Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois Hawthorne Studies

Hawthorne Studies Experiment in lighting conditions Experimental group Control group

Hawthorne Studies (storybook version) Increased lighting associated with increased productivity!! Decreased lighting associated with _____ productivity? ? Who ya’ gonna call?

Hawthorne Studies Elton Mayo Researcher from Harvard Workers were not reacting to the changes in lighting

Hawthorne Studies Workers were not reacting to the conditions of the experiment Workers were reacting to being in an experiment “Hawthorne Effect”

Classical vs. Behavioral Two diametrically opposed views Which view do you hold?

Management Science School Management Science is NOT the same as Scientific Management Originated in the Polaris missile project

Management Science A problem is defined, and a model of the situation is developed The model simplifies reality or represents reality in an abstract manner

Management Science Step One: Develop a model of the problem or situation Step Two: Quantify the variables

Management Science A politically incorrect example

Management Science No underage! No drink and drive!