FOOT AND ANKLE SPECIAL TESTS SPECIAL TESTS Used

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FOOT AND ANKLE SPECIAL TESTS

FOOT AND ANKLE SPECIAL TESTS

SPECIAL TESTS Used to help narrow down the potential structures injured Help provide preliminary

SPECIAL TESTS Used to help narrow down the potential structures injured Help provide preliminary diagnosis No “official” diagnosis can occur without imaging

WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? Patient Position: literally, how is the patient/athlete’s body positioned?

WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? Patient Position: literally, how is the patient/athlete’s body positioned? Position of Examiner: YOU are the examiner; how is your body positioned so that you can get the best results from performing this test? Evaluative Procedure: What motions/actions do you do to perform the test? Positive Test: what signs/symptoms occur that make the test positive for what injury/involvement it is testing for? Implications: Something occurred when you performed the test; what does that action imply?

ANTERIOR DRAWER Patient Position: Short sitting with knees flexed over edge of table Position

ANTERIOR DRAWER Patient Position: Short sitting with knees flexed over edge of table Position of Examiner: sitting/squatting in front of ath; one hand stabilizing distal tib/fib, other hand cupping calcaneus Evaluative Procedure: calcaneus and talus are drawn forward while distal tib/fib are stabilized Positive Test: Talus slides anteriorly when compared bilaterally; maybe be a “clunk” as talus relocates; ath may experience pain Implications: Sprain to the ATFL and associated Ligaments

 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=zjauu 5 g. XF 2 A

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=zjauu 5 g. XF 2 A

TALAR TILT (STRESS TEST) Patient Position: Short sitting with knees flexed over edge of

TALAR TILT (STRESS TEST) Patient Position: Short sitting with knees flexed over edge of table Position of Examiner: sitting/squatting in front of ath; one hand stabilizing distal tib/fib, other hand cupping calcaneus Evaluative Procedure: hand holding calcaneus provides and inversion and eversion stress, causing the talus to tilt Positive Test: Talus gaps (greater than 10 degrees) compared bilaterally; pain is produced Implications: Inversion stress – Sprain of the Calcaneofibular ligament; Eversion Stress – Deltoid Ligament

 Eversion: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Kvoc-cma. B 5 s Inversion: https: //www. youtube.

Eversion: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Kvoc-cma. B 5 s Inversion: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 q 7 f-GMYqh. A

KLEIGER’S TEST Patient Position: Short sitting with knees flexed over edge of table Position

KLEIGER’S TEST Patient Position: Short sitting with knees flexed over edge of table Position of Examiner: sitting/squatting in front of ath; one hand stabilizing distal tib/fib, other hand cupping calcaneus Evaluative Procedure: Place foot in dorsiflexion, hand holding calcaneus provides eversion stress Positive Test: Pain is produced in the anterolateral section of the ankle; gapping may be present Implications: Syndesmotic sprain (High ankle sprain)

THOMPSON TEST Patient Position: Prone with foot over edge of table Position of Examiner:

THOMPSON TEST Patient Position: Prone with foot over edge of table Position of Examiner: Stand at side of ath with one hand placed on the Gastrocnemius Evaluative Procedure: squeeze calf while observing for plantarflexion Positive Test: when calf is squeezed, no plantarflexion occurs Implications: Achilles Tendon Rupture

 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=vi. ZPh_9 q. RUc

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=vi. ZPh_9 q. RUc