z The Knee Special Tests z Apprehension Test

z The Knee: Special Tests

z Apprehension Test § Used to test patellar femoral syndrome § Patellar tracking § With knee extended push patella laterally and create flexion to extension at knee joint § With knee extended push patella medially and create flexion to extension at knee joint § Video

z Lachman’s Test § ACL § PCL § Knee in slight flexion (about 20 degrees) § One hand behind tibia, one hand on thigh § Pull the tibia anteriorly § Video

z Anterior Drawer Test § ACL § Athlete creates flexion at the knee and ATC sits on foot § Both hands behind tibia (thumbs on tibial tuberosity) § Pull tibia forward § Video

z Posterior Drawer Test § PCL § Athlete creates flexion at the knee and ATC sits on foot § Both hands behind tibia (thumbs on tibial tuberosity) § Push tibia posteriorly § Video

z Posterior Sag Sign § PCL § Position athlete in flexion § Look for a drop/sag in the leg just inferior to the patella

z Valgus Stress Test § MCL § Athlete lies supine on table § ATC places one hand on lateral surface of thigh and one hand on medial surface of ankle § ATC applies medial pressure on thigh and later pressure on ankle § Repeat with knee flexed to 30 degrees § Video

z Varus § LCL § Athlete lies supine and ATC places one hand on medial surface of thigh and one hand on lateral surface of ankle § ATC applies lateral pressure on thigh and medial pressure on ankle § Repeat with knee flexed to 30 degrees § Video

z Mc. Murray’s Test § Meniscus § Athlete lies supine with knee in flexion § ATC will test for medial meniscus damage by moving knee through external rotation & valgus force § ATC will test for lateral meniscus damage by moving the knee through internal rotation & varus force § Video

z Duck Walk § Meniscus § Have athlete squat down and walk forward and backwards a few steps § Video