FCC Operation schedule luminosity goals Arto Niemi Contents

FCC Operation schedule & luminosity goals Arto Niemi

Contents • • • Collider availability for physics FCC Luminosity goals & ultimate parameters FCC Run schedule Comparison with LHC 20 ab-1 lifecycle goal Conclusions

Collider availability for physics Shutdown Operation Years HW Commissioning Beam Commissioning Luminosity Production Technical Stop Machine Studies Weeks Machine Cycle Stable Beams Failure Precycle Hours

FCC-hh operation & luminosity 5 year long operation periods • 3. 5 years operation periods with • • radiation damping: t~1 h 1 year HW comm. , MDs, short stops 2. 5 years lumi. run with 70% availability • 1. 5 year shutdown 2 periods at baseline parameters (10 yrs) • Peak luminosity 5 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 • Total of 2. 5 ab-1 (per detector) phase 1: b*=1. 1 m, DQtot=0. 01, tta=5 h, 250 fb-1 / year phase 2: b*=0. 3 m, DQtot=0. 03, tta=4 h, 1 ab-1 / year 3 periods at ultimate parameters (15 yrs) • Peak luminosity <=30 x 1034 cm-2 s-1 • 5 ab-1 period total of 15 ab-1 O(20) ab-1 integrated luminosity/experiment consistent with physics goal: 20 ab-1 in total Detectors must sustain a total of >20 ab-1 and >5 ab-1 between maintenance stops Machine design to support 3. 5 year operation periods w/o warm up or long stops Future Circular Collider Study Michael Benedikt 2 nd FCC Week, Rome, April 2016 5

Operational assumptions for 5 ab-1/run • • Assumption: if machine is available production = 8 fb-1/day Current parameters contains a small margin • turnaround time = 4 hours and 8 fb-1/day is achieved under 20 hours Source: DOI: 10. 1103/Phys. Rev. STAB. 18. 101002

Luminosity production with ultimate parameters Assumption operational efficiency (availability) = 70 % average 5. 6 fb-1/day • 5 years full production 10 ab-1 • 3. 5 years (1. 5 years LTS) 7 ab-1 • 2. 5 years (LTS + 12 months) 5 ab-1 Plot shows: Int. lumi. = days*average productions Integrated luminosity [ab-1] • 10 8 6 Int. Lumi. 1. 5 a LTS 4 LTS + 12 months 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 Operation time [years] 5

Run schedule • When the collider is not producing proton collisions (at full rate)? • Year end technical stops • Commissioning (with & without beam) • Short technical stops & machine studies • Ion physics (*assumption LHC like 1 month/year) • What does 12 months looks like? *A. Dainese & J. Jowett, Personal communication

Run X No proton physics for 12 months / Run • 6 months of commissioning (orange) • 3 months after LTS • 1 month after YETS • 3 months of YEATS (green) • 3 months of ion runs (yellow) Total sum = 12 months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Open questions • Can the annual maintenance performed in 1 month? • • How quickly is commissioning & intensity ramp up? • • What affects this machine protection, vacuum, beam dynamics… Ion physics and proton physics? • • Note: also the injector chain Here full execution of both programs is assumed How much time is required for tech. stops & MD’s during year?

1 month extra/year Jan Wk Feb 1 30 Mo • 10 days for TS + 4 days of commissioning after TS • 14 days for machine studies • Few days to prepare ion run 3 6 4 13 Mar 5 20 6 27 7 3 8 10 9 17 10 24 11 2 12 9 13 16 23 Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Apr Wk May 14 15 30 Mo 16 6 17 13 June 18 20 19 27 20 4 21 11 22 18 23 25 24 1 25 8 26 15 22 Tu We Th Fr Sa Su July Wk Aug 27 28 29 Mo = 1 month ≈ 4 weeks, 2 days 2 29 6 30 13 Sep 31 20 32 27 33 3 34 10 35 17 36 24 37 31 38 7 39 14 21 Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Oct Wk Nov 40 Mo 41 28 42 5 43 12 Dec 44 19 45 26 46 2 47 9 48 16 49 50 30 23 51 7 52 14 21 Tu We Th Fr Sa Su

HL-LHC vs. FCC (plan) HL-LHC Jan Wk Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Feb 1 2 30 3 6 4 13 20 Wk Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 7 3 8 10 Jan 9 17 10 24 15 30 16 6 July 27 13 28 29 9 13 16 23 Wk Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 34 38 21 51 7 39 14 50 30 22 7 Dec 49 23 15 37 26 31 48 16 8 Sep 36 25 24 47 9 1 35 24 17 46 2 25 Feb 1 2 30 3 6 4 13 52 14 21 Wk Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 20 6 27 7 3 8 10 9 17 10 24 15 30 16 6 July 27 13 28 29 HL-LHC based on: Chapter 16, DOI: 10. 5170/CERN-2015 -005 13 16 23 47 9 38 21 51 7 39 14 50 30 22 7 Dec 49 23 37 26 15 31 48 16 24 25 8 Sep 36 35 24 1 17 46 2 34 23 25 10 45 26 18 33 22 3 Nov 44 19 11 32 21 27 43 12 4 Aug 31 20 42 5 13 41 19 27 30 28 20 12 9 June 18 6 Oct 40 17 11 2 May 14 Mar 5 Apr 23 10 45 26 18 33 22 3 Nov 44 19 11 32 21 27 43 12 4 Aug 31 20 21 42 5 27 30 19 14 41 28 20 12 June 18 6 Oct 40 17 11 2 May 14 6 27 Apr Wk Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mar 5 52 14 21

Comparison with LHC Shutdown Operation Years Level 1 LHC FCC 2 a LTS, 4 a Run = 67 % HW Commissioning Beam Commissioning 1. 5 a LTS, 3. 5 a Run = 70 % Luminosity Production Technical Stop 2 160 days (HL-LHC) = 44 % ~9 months = 75 % 3 2016 (only downtime) 72 % 70 % TEEP* 21 % 37 % Machine Cycle Stable Beams *Total effective equipment performance Machine Studies Weeks Failure Precycle Hours

• • 10 ab-1 5 years full production 3. 5 years (1. 5 years LTS) 7 ab-1 2. 5 years (LTS + 12 months) 5 ab-1 2 years (LTS + 18 months) 4 ab-1 Integrated luminosity [ab-1] Luminosity production with ultimate parameters 10 8 6 Int. Lumi. 1. 5 a LTS 4 LTS + 12 months 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 Operation time [years] 5

If lifecycle goal is 20 ab-1 20 years life 25 years life Options: Current baseline 2. 5 ab-1 Flat 4 ab-1 (unrealistic) 4 ab-1 Flat 5 ab-1 (unrealistic) 7. 5 ab-1 ultimate 0 5 ab-1 20 ab-1 in 25 years maximum attainable production must be more than 4 ab-1/run 4 ab-1 5 ab-1 2. 5 ab-1 7. 5 ab-1 5 10 Years 15 4 ab-1 20 25

How to produce 5 ab-1/Run? 5 Two options: 1. Longer time to operate 2. Higher production/day • Two examples: 1. 6 months reduction to LTS 5. 6 fb-1/day 2. 7 fb-1/day 2 years of proton-physics time per run 4. 5 Operational time [years/run] • 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 1 5 ab-1/Run 2 2. 5 ab-1/Run 7. 5 ab-1/Run 1. 5 1 0. 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415 Daily average integrated luminosity [fb-1/day]

Conclusion • • For 20 ab-1 during lifecycle, 4 ab-1/run is too little Attainable production depends on: • • • Theoretically achievable production (Physics & Operations) Number of operational days (Schedule) Production efficiency (Availability, operational procedures, etc. ) Task: Understand what limits the production in different levels and define goals