Evolution of Exteriors Chapter 6 Traditional Houses n

Evolution of Exteriors Chapter 6

Traditional Houses n These styles were created in the past and are still being used today. n Most housing styles are in some way traditional. n They have usually been changed in some way over time.

Native American Influence n Native Americans have had a large impact on housing today. n Log hogans (Navajo) n Adobe dwellings (pueblo) n Box like construction n Flat roofs n Projecting roof beams

Native American Influence

Native American Influence

Spanish Influence n South and Southwest. Climate is very warm and dry. n The traditional aspects will be seen in warmer climates. n Asymmetrical design n Red roof tiles n Arch-shaped windows and doors n Wrought iron décor n Stucco walls- type of plaster applied to exterior walls of house.

Spanish Influence

Spanish Influence

Scandinavian n Log cabins are the largest impact Scandinavia plays on housing today. n Small, one story, rectangular n Gable roofs- come to a point in center and slope on both sides.

Log Cabin Homes

Dutch Influence n Dutch Colonial- 1 st built in New York and Delaware. n Made of fieldstone or brick, sometimes wood. n Gambrel roof- eaves that flare outward. n Dormers- structures that project through the roof and contain windows on the 2 nd floor. n Central entrance n Chimney off center n Windows with small panes

Dutch Colonial

German Influence n 1 st German-American homes were built in Pennsylvania Dutch Colonial Gable roofs n Thick fieldstone walls, becoming more elaborate over time. n Roof ledges between 1 st and 2 nd floor called pent roofs. n

French Influence n The French also has played a big role in housing styles today. n French Manor n Symmetrical n Wings on each side of the roof. n Mansard roof on main part of home- type of gambrel roof. Architects name was mansard. n Dormers

French Manor

French Influence (cont. ) n French Provincial- 1 st built in New Orleans. (great picture in text) n Sometimes 2 ½ stories tall n Symmetrical n Tops of windows break into eave lines.

English/Colonial Influence n These were usually simple, small and eventually grew larger by additions. n Cape Cod- small, symmetrical, 1 ½ story. n Gable roof n Central entrance & chimney n Several fireplaces n shutters

Cape Cod

English/Colonial Influence n Salt Box- type of Cape Cod. n Term comes from the shape of the boxes that were used to store salt at the time. n Lean-to section to the back. n 2 -2 ½ stories tall n Steep gable roof, extended to floor in the rear. n Large central chimney n Large windows with small panes

Salt Box

English/Colonial Influence n Garrison- named for it’s early garrisons, or forts. n Overhanging second story- this allows extra space without widening the foundation. n Symmetrical design n Steep gable roof n Windows with small panes

Garrison Housing

English Influence n Georgian n Simple exterior lines n Windows with small panes n Gable OR Hip roof-sloping ends and sides. Sometimes topped by a flat area with a balustrade- railing. n Tall chimneys at each end of roof. n Ornamentation under the eaves.

Georgian

Federal Style Housing n Boxlike shape n At least 2 stories tall n Symmetrical n Flat roof surrounded by a balustrade. n Sometimes has a portico- an open space covered with a roof that is supported by columns. n Pediments- decorations that are usually found over the porticoes, windows, or doors. n Segmental or Triangular

Federal Style

Greek Influence n Greek Revival n 2 story portico that is supported by Greek columns and has a large triangular pediment. n Usually large in size n Many government buildings are designed in Greek Revival.

Greek Revival

Southern Colonial Influence n Southern Colonial is similar to Greek Revival. n Large, 2 -3 story. n Symmetrical n 2 story columns extend across entire front. n Hip or Gable roof. n Often include dormers, shutters, and belvedere-small room on the roof used as a lookout.

Southern Colonial Columns

Victorian Homes n Victorian houses are named after Queen Victoria of England. n n n n Decorative Trim High porches Gable roofs Tall windows High ceilings Turret-small tower Gingerbread- the extensive decoration on these homes

Victorian

Modern Houses n Styles developed in the 20 th century. n These are relatively new compared to other styles but may have influences from the past. n Bungalow n n n One story Low pitched roof Shingled roof extending beyond the walls Sometimes a covered porch that is enclosed. Wood or brick Windows are set high so furniture can be placed underneath.

Bungalow

Bungalow

Prairie Style n Orgin: Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. n It’s interior space visually flows outdoors through porches, terraces, and windows. n Designed to blend with natural surroundings.

Prairie Style

Prairie Style

Modern n Ranch; n n n One-story structure Often has basement Low-pitched roof with wide overhang. Usually made of building materials with energy saving features. Usually expensive to build because the amount of land it takes up. Origin: USA; West

Types of Ranch Houses n Hillside Ranch- built on a hill. n Part of the basement is exposed. n Raised Ranch- split entry. n Top part of the basement is above ground. n This allows light to enter the basement.

Modern n Split-level- 3 or 4 levels. n Usually built on sloping lots. n Good for splitting us different areas in the house. Ex. Social, quiet, and service areas. n Not convenient for people with special needs.

Split-Level

Contemporary House n These are the “latest” designs. n Sometimes controversial. n Architectural styles are not traditional. n Unique designs that differ greatly from house to house.

Solar Housing n Active solar heating systems- panels installed in the roof of the building to capture the sun’s energy. Fans move the heated air to areas needed. n Passive solar heating areas- no working parts. They include a design that maximizes use of sun for heating. n Dark colored walls may be used to absorb heat and transfer inside.

Contemporary n Earth-sheltered housing- partially covered with soil. Energy efficient because the soil is a natural insulation that protects the house. n Some are partly underground or into a hill. n Some use part solar energy also. n