Emigrate vs Immigrate vs Migrate If you move

Emigrate vs Immigrate vs Migrate If you move to a different country, you emigrate. For example, if you are Canadian and you emigrate to Italy, you aren't on vacation — you are making Italy your new home. THINK EMIGRATE=EXIT When a person immigrates, he or she moves to a new country. During the great wave of immigration between 1880 and 1924, over 25 million Europeans immigrated to the United States. THINK IMMIGRATE=COMING IN To migrate means to move from one place to another, sometimes part of a back-and-forth pattern, and sometimes to stay. THINK MIGRATE=MOVE

Remaining Definitions Free Enterprise-economic system where private individuals or groups can own property or businesses to make a profit with little government interference Population Density-average number of people living on a square mile or kilometer of land Incentive-something that motives someone to act Infrastructure-systems that affect how well a place or organization operates; public services or systems like power, water and sewage, transportation, etc.

Push/Pull Factors Push Factor: a negative aspect or condition that motivates one to leave, esp. in one's country. • Oppression • Poverty • Political conflicts • Environmental factors Pull Factor: A positive factor exerted by the locality towards which people move. • Freedom • Economic opportunities • Cultural ties

International Political Organizations • NATO or North Atlantic Treaty Organization: 28 member countries; protects the freedom of its members. Attacking one member nation is considered an attack on them all. • WTO or World Trade Organization: Organization that oversees international trade and settles trade disputes • UN or United Nations: tries to get countries to cooperation on areas of international law, international security, economic development, social progress, and human rights. Wants world peace. Created in response to WWII.

Countries and their Economy • GDP or Gross Domestic Product: value of goods and services produced by a country in a year • GDP is the best indicator of economic health. • If the GDP is lower than what it was at that time last year, the economy is lagging. • A decline for two or more quarters = recession. • When the GDP is growing, a country is generally improving economically: Companies are hiring, and people are working.

Countries and their Economy Levels of Development Each country fits into one of the 3 levels of economic development factors. (pick 3 -4 of the facts about each level to write) More Developed • • • Literacy Rate 95+% 10+ yrs of school Low doctor/patient ratio Spend significant $ on healthcare Human and civil rights recognized and protected High % of population participates in government Politically Stable High life expectancy Low infant mortality, birth rates Low population growth Newly Industrialized • 60 -95% Literacy rate • Varying years of school, $ spent on healthcare, and doctor/patient ratio • Civil and human rights sometimes recognized • Low to medium % of population participate in government • Some political instability and corruption • Increasing life expectancy • Decreasing infant mortality and birthrate • Decreasing population growth Less Developed • • • Literacy below 60% Few years of school Little $ spent on healthcare High doctor/patient ratio Civil and human rights not often recognized Low citizen participation in government Politically unstable and corrupt Low life expectancy` High infant mortality and birthrate High population growth

HDI-Human Development Index • Measures people’s well-being, not just income • Based on 3 dimensions • Education (average years of school/expected years of school) • Health (life expectancy at birth) • Living standard (total value of goods and services produced by a country’s economy measured person)

1 Define Urban Sprawl Theory that tries to explain the number size and location of human settlements in an urban area 4 Define 3 Define 2 Define Central Place Metropolitan Connectivity Theory Area Directness of Cities that usually play routes and communication an important role in the linking pairs and global economic system places Spreading of urban onto underdevelope d land near cities 5 Define World Cities Region that includes a central city and it surrounding suburbs

6 What caused 7 What effect 8 What 3 people to move did higher things to the cities populations contributed after the have on to the growth Industrial cities? of cities? Revolution? Over half Industrialization, Economic Growth, population growth Urban areas spread onto underdeveloped lands-Urban Sprawl 9 Currently, 10 By 2025, what how approximately many people how many live in cities? people will live in urban areas? 2/3 of 8 billion or 5. 3 billion New industries and factories created new jobs

11 Why do urban geographers use Urban Land Use models? Pollution, poverty, crime, overcrowding, and social conflict 12 Cities 13 What is at tend to be the center of a Concentric centers of Zone Model? what? Diversity of people Culture and creativity 14 In an urban area, what encourages creativity and innovation? Describe internal structure of cities and location patterns of people and businesses 15 Name challenges to urban areas. Central Business District

17 How does 16 The concentric a city grow in a zone model Concentric was the first Zone to do what? Model? Central Place Theory Explain distribution of social groups in urban areas. 20 What theory 18 The Sector 19 Why would studies Land Use a population distribution Model suggests shrink in an patterns of a cities grow in area? What is region historically to help identify this an sectors instead settlement example of? of ____. patterns? Outward from a central point creating rings. Rings Industry no longer needed; Ghost Towns

17 How does 16 The concentric a city grow in a zone model Concentric was the first Zone to do what? Model? Central Place Theory Explain distribution of social groups in urban areas. 20 What theory 18 The Sector 19 Why would studies Land Use a population distribution Model suggests shrink in an patterns of a cities grow in area? What is region historically to help identify this an sectors instead settlement example of? of ____. patterns? Outward from a central point creating rings. Rings Industry no longer needed; Ghost Towns

21 World Cities have which features? Outlaying community around a city 22 What is suburbia? Highways 23 Suburban cities are always located near what? Relocation of people from rural to urban areas, changes in economic, social and political structures, and environmental and social changes 24 Urbanization is… 25 Why are people forced out of rural areas? International diverse Not enough cultures, active land to do influence and subsistence interaction in world farming affairs, large population, international airport, advanced transportation.

26 What major 27 Why would 28 What 29 What is 30 Rapidly foreign hurdle could problems do smart growing cities companies find migrants modern cities growth/new causes strain on experience in a labor surplus what? experience? urbanism? attractive? urban areas? Not enough jobs, low wages, and poverty Can pay employees less and produce products cheaper Poverty, homelessness, social problems, bad housing, pollution, and unemployment Planning for growth in a strategic way to make it livable and neighborhoods walkable Energy, education, healthcare, transportation, sanitation, and physical security.

On Your Exam you should know… Where early cities developed and why Levels of Development Types of Economic Activities Boundaries Aspects of culture What caused cultural changes in the 17 -1800 s Ethnic Groups International Political Organizations Motivating factors during the Industrial Revolution • Urban Sprawl • • • • • Urbanization Push and Pull Factor Four types of economic systems Characteristics of religions Population Density Population Pyramids Forms of Government Levels of Government Metropolitan Area Concentric Zone Model Cultural Regions

On Your Exam you should know… • 40 Questions worth 2. 5 points each • 3 bonus questions • Types of questions • True/False • Multiple Choice • Matching • Fill-in the blank • Short/Brief Answer • I have not decided if I will allow you to use your book or notes, so STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Flash Cards Write the key term, date, question, Take the most important points about the term, date, answer to the question or or concept on this side. DO NOT concept on this side List the most INCLUDE ANY KEY DETAILS important points. OR INFORMATION. Draw diagrams if you need to. Representative Democracy Citizens vote for representatives Representatives vote on laws/represent voters in government Answer to people through elections Held accountable by constitution

What now? • You are to work on your Study Guide • This will help prepare you for the test, but you still need to study for it! • Use flashcards!! • Also use info cards I’m giving you • You may work in groups • After you are done with your Study Guide, you should work on flash cards • http: //connected. mcgraw-hill. com STUDY GUIDE WILL NEED TO BE TURNED IN THE DAY OF YOUR TEST! IT IS WORTH A GRADE!!

Not done with your study guide? Then it’s homework!!! • Use the online version of the book. • If you haven’t already registered, here’s the information • Website: http: //connected. mcgraw-hill. com • Redemption code to register: RNWE-JQXO-NQ 5 O • Prejudice is referred to as a conclusion drawn by anyone without judging the actions of a person or thing. • Racism is based on a decision that is mostly premature and is based on the way a specific system is working in a country or a society. • The major difference between prejudice and racism is that a person can be prejudice even if he is not a racist but a person can’t be referred to as racist if he is not prejudice.