Chapter 9 Federalist Era The President Lesson 1

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Chapter 9 Federalist Era – The President

Chapter 9 Federalist Era – The President

Lesson 1 • • • George Washington = 1 st President 1789 – 17972

Lesson 1 • • • George Washington = 1 st President 1789 – 17972 Terms John Adams = 1 st Vice President Set up the 1 st Cabinet of the President – Jefferson = Secretary of State (Foreign Relations) Hamilton = Secretary of Treasury (Banks $) Henry Knox = Secretary of Defense (Army)

Jefferson Hamilton VS.

Jefferson Hamilton VS.

 • Bill of Rights is ratified, 1791 # Amendments 1 -10 • Judiciary

• Bill of Rights is ratified, 1791 # Amendments 1 -10 • Judiciary Act 1789 set up federal courts.

Bank the. United States Bank of of the States #Alexander Hamilton • 1 form

Bank the. United States Bank of of the States #Alexander Hamilton • 1 form of currency for the nation $$$ • Pay back national debt, hold government funds ($), and make trade easier with other countries • James Madison and Thomas Jefferson = NO BANKS they believed the bank would only help the wealthy • supported by President George Washington, who agreed with Hamilton that the bank would help the country • created by Congress as the National Bank • Started to charge tariffs (taxes on imports) • Started to charge taxes to citizens – ex: Whiskey Tax

Lesson 2 • Whiskey Tax 1791: tax on whiskey made/sold in U. S. •

Lesson 2 • Whiskey Tax 1791: tax on whiskey made/sold in U. S. • Whiskey Rebellion 1794: Mob attacked tax collectors. • Washington sent army to stop conflict.

 • Britain & Spain promoted Native American unrest in the Western Territories. •

• Britain & Spain promoted Native American unrest in the Western Territories. • Treaties with Natives failed due to Americans. • Army sent to deal with settlers and natives – many battles were fought with local tribes. Ex: 1791 – Miami tribe / 1794 – Shawnee tribe • Treaty of Greenville 1795 – Natives gave up land in Ohio area.

 • • • French revolution begins 1789, France then goes to war with

• • • French revolution begins 1789, France then goes to war with Britain 1793 Washington = Proclamation of Neutrality during the war. Britain began impressment of Americans – forced to join military. Jay’s Treaty 1794 – Britain agreed to leave American territory. Pickney’s Treaty 1795 – negotiated with Spain, opened up the Mississippi River & trade with New Orleans.

 • Washington leaves office 1797 • Only 2 terms – Presidents will copy

• Washington leaves office 1797 • Only 2 terms – Presidents will copy this example for 100 yrs. • Washington did not believe in Political Parties.

Lesson 3 • Washington = Political Parties only divide the nation and cause conflict.

Lesson 3 • Washington = Political Parties only divide the nation and cause conflict. • However, Washington clearly favored the opinions of Hamilton (who was a federalist)

 • Despite Washington's disapproval, 2 parties began to gain popularity: Federalists & Democratic-Republicans

• Despite Washington's disapproval, 2 parties began to gain popularity: Federalists & Democratic-Republicans

 • Federalists & Democratic-Republicans held very different opinions about public participation in politics.

• Federalists & Democratic-Republicans held very different opinions about public participation in politics.

Election of 1796: Adams vs. Jefferson Adams = WINNER • He wins with 71

Election of 1796: Adams vs. Jefferson Adams = WINNER • He wins with 71 votes, while Jefferson only gets 68 • Adams = President # 2 • Jefferson = Vice President

 • Conflict in France continues – France begins attack American ships. • U.

• Conflict in France continues – France begins attack American ships. • U. S. sends diplomats to negotiate with French & stop attacks. • XYZ Affair = French tried to bribe the U. S. but Adams refuses and conflict continues.

 • The country is torn on the issue of France: War or No

• The country is torn on the issue of France: War or No War? • Adams signs a Congressional laws that aim at “protecting” the country from foreign influence = Alien & Sedition Acts

 • Democratic-Republicans, like Jefferson disagreed the Alien & Sedition Acts – saw them

• Democratic-Republicans, like Jefferson disagreed the Alien & Sedition Acts – saw them as taking away basic rights. • Many people agreed with this, public opinion was generally against the acts because they saw it as unconstitutional.

 • Despite being pressured to go to war with France, Adams kept the

• Despite being pressured to go to war with France, Adams kept the country out of war. • Adams is the 1 st President to live in the White House @ Washington, D. C. • Adams runs for re-election in 1800…stay tuned!