Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs TE102

Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs TE-102 Introduction to Computing http: //web. uettaxila. edu. pk/CMS/UG/TE-102/ 1

System Software What is system software? Definition: Programs that control operation of computer Including: Ø Operating system (OS) (also called platform) Ø Utility programs What is a cross-platform application? ----Runs identically on multiple operating systems §Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform 2

Operating System Functions What is booting? Ø Process of starting or restarting a computer § Cold boot Turning on computer that has been powered off § Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on Warm boot from Windows desktop Warm boot from system unit 3

What messages display on the screen when you boot the computer? 4

Operating System Functions What is a recovery disk? --- Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot. Also called boot disk ---floppy disk, Zip, CD, DVD 5

Operating System Functions What is single user/ multitasking? Ø Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time § Foreground contains application you are using § Background contains programs that are running but are not in use all running processes 6

Operating System Functions What are other program management features of operating systems? v. Multiprocessing: Can support two or more processors running programs at same time v Multiuser: Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously v Fault-tolerant computer: Continues to operate when one of its components fails Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives 7

Operating System Functions Optimizing use of RAM What is spooling? Ø Ø Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer Print jobs line up in queue What is a device driver? Ø v Program that tells operating system how to communicate with device Also called driver With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them 8

Types of Operating Systems What are three categories of operating systems? Stand-alone: complete operating system working on PC, laptop, mobile computing device. like DOS, Windows, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux Network: OS designed specially to support a network, like netware, windows server 2003, Unix, Linux and Solaris Embedded : OS on most PDA and small devices Like, windows CE. net, windows mobile 2003, Palm OS, Symbian OS, Android OS and Apple i. OS 9

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? • Developed in early 1980 s for personal computers • Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI • Used command-line interface when first developed, later included menus in DOS SHELL 10

Stand-Alone Operating Systems How do Windows versions compare? Windows Version Year Released Windows 3. x 1990 Windows NT 3. 1 1993 Windows 95 1995 Windows NT Workstation 4. 0 1996 Windows 98 1998 Windows Millennium Edition 2000 Windows 2000 Professional 2000 Windows XP 2001 Windows 2003 Server 2003 Windows Vista 2006 Windows Server 2008 Windows 7 2009 Windows 8 / Windows Server 2012 Winows 8. 1 / Windows Server 2012 R 2 2013 Windows 10 / Windows Server 10 2015 11

Stand-Alone Operating Systems http: //windows. microsoft. com /en-us/windows/preview 12

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Windows? Ø Ø Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows operating system Available in many editions: 1. Home Edition, 2. Professional Edition, and 3. Tablet PC / RT Edition 4. CE / Mobile Edition 5. Windows Server Editions 13

characteristics of operating systems v Device-dependent Runs only on specific type of computer v Proprietary software Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer model v Device-independent Runs on many manufacturers’ computers v Downward compatible Works with application software written for earlier version of operating system v Upward compatible Runs on new versions of operating system 14

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Mac OS X? Ø Available only for computers manufactured by Apple Ø Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs 15

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is OS/2 Warp Client? Ø Ø IBM’s GUI multitasking operating system Supports networking, Java, the Internet, and speech recognition 16

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is UNIX? Ø Used by power users because of its flexibility and power Ø Most versions offer GUI Ø Both a stand-alone and a network operating system 17

Stand-Alone Operating Systems What is Linux? Ø Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system Ø Open-source software — code is available to public Ø Both a stand-alone and a network operating system e Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown in this example. 18

Network Operating Systems Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network v Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user v Solaris Net. Ware Designed for client/server networks Windows Server 2003 § Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server OS/2 Warp Server for e-business § Specifically for e-commerce applications IBM’s network operating system for business 19

Embedded Operating Systems What is an embedded operating system? Ø Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices Ø Windows CE. NET is scaled-down version of Windows 20

Embedded Operating Systems What are two operating systems for PDAs? Ø Ø Pocket PC 2002 for Pocket PC Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE 21

Utility Programs utility program Ø System software that performs maintenance-type tasks 22

Utility Programs What is a disk scanner? Ø Ø Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk Searches for and removes unnecessary files What is a backup utility? Ø Ø Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape compress files during backup to require less storage space 23

Utility Programs What is a disk defragmenter? Ø Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster fragmented disk file before defragmenting file after defragmenting 24

Utility Programs What is a screen saver? Ø Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time Ø To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate 25

Utility Programs What is a diagnostic utility? Ø Compiles technical information about hardware and some software Ø Prepares report outlining problems 26

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a virus? Ø Ø Potentially damaging computer program Affects computer without user’s knowledge SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION 27

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is an antivirus program? Ø Ø Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files Must be updated frequently 28

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a file compression utility? Ø Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance Ø Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files Ø Two popular utilities: PKZIPTM and Win. Zip® 29

Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a personal firewall? Ø Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions Ø Monitors all transmissions to and from computer 30