Chapter 4 Greece Minoan Mycenaean Hellenic and Hellenistic

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. Chapter Outline I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000– 1200 B. C. E. II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150– 500 B. C. E. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500– 336 B. C. E. . IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement V. The Hellenistic Age, 336– 30 B. C. E. © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000– 1200 B. C. E. A. The Minoans King Minos — legendary Language — undeciphered hieroglyphics Linear A — syllabic Sir Arthur Evans archaeologist Knossos “Palace of Minos” murals realistic, everyday scenes Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Art

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations II. B. The Myceneans Achaeans — Indo-Europeans from north, c. 2000 Mycenae Heinrich Schliemann (1822– 1890) acropolis — massive palace royal tombs, after 1500 expansion Knossos, c. 1450 Linear B Ventris C. Troy begins Heinrich Schliemann Iliad 1870 — excavation 1125 B. C. E. ) Troy VI or VII (1200– Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. deciphered by Michael

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150– 500 B. C. E. Dark Ages (1150– 750 B. C. E) Geography Iliad, Odyssey arête excellence, virtue aristoi = the best aristocracy © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. scarce A. Homeric Age information Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150– 500 B. C. E B. From Oligarchy to Tyranny polis (plural poleis) = city-state acropolis = high city agora = marketplace Oligarchy = government of the few c. 750 — nobles in control Colonization (750– 550 B. C. E. ) Magna Graecia = Great Greece Southern Italy © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. ruler Economic transformation production for trade land hunger > Tyrants, c. 650 B. C. E. hoplite phalanx tyrannus = absolute Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150– 500 B. C. E. C. Athens to 500 B. C. E. 7 th Century — oligarchy council of nobles dominant 9 archons = rulers Solon — 594 B. C. E. economic and social reform: Council of Four Hundred Popular Assembly nobles Pisistratus — 560 B. C. E. tyrant public works weakening of 508– 502 B. C. E. — reforms further weakened nobility ostracism D. Sparta to 500 B. C. E. oligarchy monarchy > Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Cleisthenes

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500– 336 B. C. E. A. Persian Wars King Cyrus conquest of Lydia, 547 B. C. E. > revolt of Ionian poleis crushed by Darius I 490 B. C. E. — to Greece Marathon — Greek victory 480 B. C. E. — Xerxes Thermopylae Salamis Bay 479 B. C. E. — Plataea Impact confidence – 429 B. C. E. ) Athenian Pericles (461 Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Brummett, et al, Civilization, © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Themistocles

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500– 336 B. C. E. B. Athenian Society Women Slavery C. Athenian Imperialism Sparta isolationist Delian League — 478 B. C. E. navy of 200 ships 468 B. C. E. — Goal achieved E. Macedonia King Philip II (359– 336 B. C. E. ) Demosthenes speaks against Philip Chaeronea — 338 B. C. E. Macedonian victory Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. D. Peloponnesian War (431– 404 B. C. E. ) Spartan League v. Athenian Empire 416 B. C. E. — Melians enslaved 415 B. C. E. — expedition to Syracuse

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement A. Values sophrosyne hubris nemesis B. C. E. ) B. Greek Religion Zeus Hesiod (c. 700 Orphic, Eleusinian Mysteries — D. The Great Philosophers Socrates (470– 399 B. C. E. ) 399 — condemned Plato (427– 347 B. C. E. ) Republic The Academy (388 B. C. E. 529 C. E. ) Aristotle (384– 322 B. C. E. ) Lyceum mystae = initiates afterlife — Elysium 500 B. C. E. ) natural causes human reason Search for first principle Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582– Anaximander Xenophanes Sophists — late Brummett, et 5 th al, B. C. E. Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. 600 B. C. Early Greek Philosophy Physikoi — physical world Thales of Miletus c.

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement E. Fields of Inquiry Medicine Hippocrates school 420 B. C. E. — founds History Herodotos of Halicarnassus (c. 484–c. 425 B. C. E. ) Thucydides (460– 400 The World According to Herodotus, c. 450 B. C. E. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. History of Peloponnesian War

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement F. Arts 1. Poetry and Drama Epics Iliad and Odyssey Lyric poetry Drama rites of (525– 456 B. C. E. ) (c. 496– 406 B. C. E. ) 480– 406 B. C. E. ) Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides (c. Aristophanes (c. 445– 385 B. C. E. ) Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Dionysus

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. V. The Hellenistic Age, 336– 30 B. C. E. Alexander the Great to Augustus Philip A. Alexander the Great 336 B. C. E. — death of 334 B. C. E. — to the east 331 B. C. E. — Gaugamela B. The Empire under Alexander blend of cultures founds cities Alexandrias Seleucids Egypt — Ptolemies Persian Empire — © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Antigonids C. Division of the Empire Macedonia — Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 4: Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, and Hellenistic Civilizations, 2000– 30 B. C. E. VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture Hellenistic = greek-like uniform coinage flow of trade A. Hellenistic Philosophy Skeptics impossibility of finding truth Cynics withdrawal Diogenes of Sinope B. Science and Mathematics 1. Geography Eratosthenes parallels of latitude and longitude circumference of globe 2. Astronomy Aristarchus rotation of earth on axis epicycles — planetary revolutions 3. Mathematics Euclid geometry Archimedes of Syracuse pi specific gravity (c. 400– 325 B. C. E. ) C. Art and Literature Stoics –c. 264 B. C. E. ) Zeno (336 D. The Hellenistic Contribution Parthians Bactria Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins © 2006, Pearson Education, Inc. (342– 270 B. C. E. ) Epicureanism Epicurus