Chapter 2 Asking Compelling Clinical Questions Copyright 2011

Finding the Right Information at the Right Time The key to successful patient care

Asking Clinical Questions: PICOT Format P: Population of interest I: Intervention or issue of

Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false. A well-formulated PICOT question

Answer True Rationale: A PICOT question should specify the outcome that is expected from

The Haystack: Too Much Information News of clinical advances often diffuses slowly through the

Two Types of Questions Background questions Ask for general information about a clinical issue

Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false. Foreground questions can often

Answer False Rationale: Foreground questions are the frequently complex and specific clinical questions, which

Clinical Inquiry An outcome of uncertainty Defined as a process in which clinicians gather

Types of Foreground Questions Intervention questions Prognosis/prediction questions Diagnosis questions Etiology questions Meaning questions

Question Which of the following components of a PICOT question is absent from this

Answer d. T Rationale: This question specifies the patient population, the intervention, the comparison,

Why Work Hard at Formulating a Question? It focuses your search, saving time and

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Finding the Right Information at the Right Time The key to successful patient care for any healthcare professional is to stay informed and as up-to-date as possible on the latest best practices Skills are required to negotiate the information-rich environment Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Asking Clinical Questions: PICOT Format P: Population of interest I: Intervention or issue of interest C: Comparison of interest O: Outcome expected T: Time for the intervention to achieve the outcome Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false. A well-formulated PICOT question should specify the patient outcome that the question will address. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

The Haystack: Too Much Information News of clinical advances often diffuses slowly through the literature Only a small percentage of clinicians access and use the information in a timely fashion The EBP process focuses on incorporating good information-seeking habits into a daily routine Skill at managing electronic resources is essential Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Two Types of Questions Background questions Ask for general information about a clinical issue Specify the staring point and the outcome of interest Foreground questions Can be answered from scientific evidence about diagnosing, treating, or assisting patients with understanding their prognosis Focus on specific knowledge Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false. Foreground questions can often be answered by consulting an up-to-date nursing or science textbook Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer False Rationale: Foreground questions are the frequently complex and specific clinical questions, which are answered by consulting rigorous evidence. This evidence is not typically available in textbooks, which are more appropriate for answering background questions. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Clinical Inquiry An outcome of uncertainty Defined as a process in which clinicians gather data together using narrowly defined clinical parameters to appraise the available choices of treatment for the purpose of finding the most appropriate choice of action Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Types of Foreground Questions Intervention questions Prognosis/prediction questions Diagnosis questions Etiology questions Meaning questions Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question Which of the following components of a PICOT question is absent from this clinical question? “Among patients with dementia, how does use of reorientation therapy compared to regular, supervised mobility affect patient agitation? ” a. P b. I c. O d. T Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer d. T Rationale: This question specifies the patient population, the intervention, the comparison, and the relevant outcome, but does not provide a time frame. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Why Work Hard at Formulating a Question? It focuses your search, saving time and energy Other benefits of clear questions Clearly communicating patient information with colleagues Helps learners more clearly understand content taught Practice, Practice! Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

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