Ch 13 Volcanoes Volcano A vent or fissure

Most chains of volcanoes exist where oceanic crust subducts beneath continental crust Happens at

Magma: Liquid rock produced under the Earth’s surface that is formed when crust melts.

Hot Spot: A volcanically active area on Earth’s surface, commonly far from a tectonic

Caldera: A large, circular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano

Ch. 12 Earthquakes: Movements of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy

Earthquakes are caused by sudden movements of tectonic plates. -Usually at transform boundaries -

Parts of an Earthquake Focus: The location along a fault in the Earth where

Studying Earthquakes Seismograph: An instrument that records vibrations in the ground. Magnitude: A measure

Tsunami: A giant ocean wave that forms after a volcanic eruption, undersea earthquake, or

Tsunami • Most often caused by an underwater earthquake – Transform boundary Results in

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Ch. 13 Volcanoes Volcano: A vent or fissure in Earth’s surface through which magma and gases are expelled. • Often volcanoes look like mountains. • There are three major types of volcanoes.

Most chains of volcanoes exist where oceanic crust subducts beneath continental crust Happens at a convergent boundary

Magma: Liquid rock produced under the Earth’s surface that is formed when crust melts. • Can melt in three ways • High temperature • Pressure causes the melting point to be lower • Water makes the melting point lower Volcanism: Activity that includes the movement of magma toward or onto the Earth’s surface.

Hot Spot: A volcanically active area on Earth’s surface, commonly far from a tectonic plate boundary.

Caldera: A large, circular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and causes the ground above to sink.

Ch. 12 Earthquakes: Movements of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move. San Andreas Fault, California Marina District, San Francisco, CA

Earthquakes are caused by sudden movements of tectonic plates. -Usually at transform boundaries - Frequent earthquakes in a given zone are evidence that two or more plates may meet in that area.

Parts of an Earthquake Focus: The location along a fault in the Earth where the first motion of an earthquake occurs. Epicenter: The point on Earth’s surface that is directly above an earthquake’s starting point. Surface wave: A seismic wave that travels along a medium and has a stronger effect near the surface than on the interior

Studying Earthquakes Seismograph: An instrument that records vibrations in the ground. Magnitude: A measure of the strength of an earthquake. • The higher the number the stronger the earthquake is. The strongest earthquake recorded was a 9. 5! Intensity: The amount of damage caused by an earthquake.

Tsunami: A giant ocean wave that forms after a volcanic eruption, undersea earthquake, or landslide.

Tsunami • Most often caused by an underwater earthquake – Transform boundary Results in major destruction and flooding