CANCER CANCER Cancer is a group of more

CANCER

CANCER Cancer is a group of more than 200 diseases characterized by unregulated growth of cells. This growth of new cells is called a tumor. Tumors can either be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors grow slowly, are localized to one area, and do not usually cause death. Malignant tumors grow rapidly and can spread to other body parts. This spreading is called metastasis. Malignant tumors, if not treated will most likely cause death

CANCER Cancer does not discriminate, it affects all ages, races and genders Cancer is the 2 nd leading cause of death in Canada There were 75, 700 deaths in Canada from cancer in 2012 Common cancer sites are: Lungs – most deaths for men in 2012 with 27. 2%. Most deaths for women with 25. 9% Breast – the most new cases for females in 2012 with 25. 6% Prostate – the most new cases for males in 2012 with 27. 2% Colon Rectum Uterus Skin

TYPES OF CANCERS Carcinoma › Malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin or cancer of the internal or external lining of the body. › It is present in the skin, the covering and lining of organs and internal passageways, such as the GI tract. › Accounts for 80 -90% of all cancers. › 2 sub types, adenocarcinomas (organs/glands) & squamous cell carcinomas (epithelium) Sarcoma › Supportive and connective tissues such as bones, tendons, cartilage, muscle, and fat. Several types. Myeloma › Cancer that originates in the plasma cells of bone marrow

TYPES OF CANCERS Leukemia › Cancers of the bone marrow. › Different types depending on the part of the blood they affect Lymphoma › Develop in the glands or nodes of the lymphatic system, a network of vessels, nodes, and organs (specifically the spleen, tonsils, and thymus). › Lymphomas may also occur in specific organs such as the stomach, breast or brain. › Lymphomas are subclassified into two categories: Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma Mixed types

CANCER CAUSES/RISK FACTORS The causes of cancer are not completely known, however, there are some factors that contribute. Family hx/genetics Smoking Alcohol Poor diet Radiation exposure Chemical exposure The word carcinogenic means cancer causing

CANCER WARNING SIGNS Use the acronym CAUTION Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge from any body orifice Thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness

Tx CANCER Tx can be used for several reasons. Tx can: cure keep the cancer from spreading, slow a tumor’s growth help relieve symptoms. Tx can be extremely successful when cancer is detected early. Tx depends on the size, type and location of the tumor as well as if it has metastasized.

CANCER One or a combination of tx’s can be used. The 3 main types of tx are: 1. Surgery: Works well when the tumor is localized. Cancerous tissue as well as some surrounding tissue is removed. BILATERAL MASTECTOMY

CANCER Radiation: Radiation destroys cells. (Cancer and normal cells) It can be used alone or in combination with surgery or chemo. Radiation has many side effects including: 2. › › › N&V Pain/discomfort Fatigue Anorexia Diarrhea Skin breakdown

CANCER

CANCER 3. Chemotherapy: Powerful drug therapy that kills cells (cancerous and normal). There are many severe side effects from chemo including N&V Stomatitis Alopecia Bruising Bleeding Infection

CANCER Cancer pt. ’s have many needs. Care includes: Ensuring adequate rest Pain control Preventing skin breakdown Preventing bowel problems Positive attitude and encouragement