Ancient Greece How did the physical geography of

Ancient Greece

How did the physical geography of Greece influence its development? Mountainous terrain made communication difficult – city states formed- the Polis Lack of arable (farmable) land and/or overpopulation led to colonization It was surrounded by water so the city states developed strong sea trade Infertile soil led to step farming and growing crops such as grapes and olives Which would become important staples of a Mediterranean diet Beautiful mild dry Mediterranean weather led to the development of outdoor Amphitheaters, and meeting places such as the agora where people could talk market their Goods and talk about politics.

Bodies of Water 1. Aegean Sea 2. Mediterranean Sea 3. Ionian Sea Cities: 1. Athens 2. Sparta 3. Knossos 4. Troy (pg 112) Land 1. Macedonia 2. Anatolia 3. Peloponnesus 4. Crete 5. Rhodes Mountain 1. Mount Olympus

Religion of the Greeks: Greek Mythology Monotheistic or Polytheistic? Polytheistic It helped explain natural phenomena, life events and human emotions Where do we see symbols of Greek mythology today? On monuments, government buildings, literature art and architecture Can you name the primary gods & goddesses? Zeus = father of the gods, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena (patron goddess of Athens) and Aphrodite How did the Greeks communicate with the Gods? The Oracle At Delphi

The Parthenon was built to honor Athena

What was important about the government of Athens? It was a democracy – How did democracy develop in Athens? 1) Monarchy – what is a monarchy? Monarchy=single ruler (king) 2) Aristocracy – What is an Aristocracy? Aristocracy =ruling class of wealthy landowners or nobles 3) Tyranny – What is a Tyranny? Tyranny=ruler who takes control by 4) Democracy – What is a Democracy? Force Democracy=Government of the people Important Tyrants: Draco – wrote first laws of Greece – very harsh (Draconian) Solon later revised the laws and outlawed debt slavery Although democracy seemed to be fair for Athenian citizens, who was excluded from participating in government? Women, slaves, foreigners, men whose parents were not Athenian Only free adult males of Athenian descent could be citizens

What was expected of Citizens? Citizens were expected to participate in civic debate and participate in the Assembly – which voted on all laws. Athenian Democracy was a Direct Democracy meaning what? All Citizens voted on all laws Who was the father of Democracy? Pericles He would extend democracy to most males

How did the Persian Wars begin and why was this war important? It began in Ionia which had been conquered by Persia raised taxes on the Ionians who then asked Athens for help. Athens helped the Ionians revolt. The revolt was put down by Persia and then… Persian sought revenge on Athens and Sparta combined their forces to defeat Persia despite being outnumbered – Preserved democracy, Greek independence, culture Marathon – Darius troops defeated - Pheidippides ran 26 miles to tell Athenians of victory Persia’s Xerxes sought revenge for his father, Darius. Thermopylae – famous 300 Spartans held the pass and fought to the death Salamis – Sea battle – Athens defeated Persia

Athens v. Sparta- both city states try to dominate Greece after the Persian Wars Athens Sparta • Democracy, civic duties, public debate • Trade Economy, coin system • Naval superiority • Culture of Arts • Women have no rights • Slaves Formed the Delian league after the Persian war • Government? Oligarchy which is…. rule by a few wealthy old men • Agricultural economy, discouraged trade • Women given military training – greater rights • Helots – conquered its neighbors when necessary Formed the Peloponnesian league after Athens used its money to rebuild Athens instead of expanding the navy.

The Peloponnesian War was about dominance of the Greek World What was the outcome? Why was this war important? Sparta won – it weakened both city states which would later allow for Phillip II of Macedonia to conquer most of Greece

After Phillip II died, his son took over, who was he? Alexander the Great Why was he great? He conquered Persia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and parts of India In doing so, he extended Greek culture and spread Hellenistic (Greek, Egyptian, Indian) Influences throughout the region and established the city of Alexandria – lighthouse & library He died in 323 BCE and did not name a successor, his empire was carved into four territories and then it fell apart.

Contributions of Greek Culture to Western Civilization Drama – Aeschylus, Sophocles Aristophanes (comedy) Literature/Poetry – Homer – Iliad and the Odyssey History: Herodotus, Thucydides Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates (Medicine) Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras, Socrates: Plato Arisotle Philosophers - SPA Socratic Method – your ideas modified by others Perfectly governed society – The Republic Rational/logical thought – scientific method

Which one is which? Doric Ionic Corinthian

Questions: 1. In which war did Sparta and Athens work together to defeat a common enemy? a. Peloponnesian War b. Punic Wars c. Persian War d. Hundred Years’ War 2. Which Greek god was the king of the gods? a. Apollo b. Poseidon c. Hades d. Zeus 3. Which choice gives the forms of government for the city state of Athens in the correct order? a. Tyranny, Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracy b. Democracy, Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny c. Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, Democracy d. Tyranny, Democracy, Aristocracy, Monarchy

4. Ancient Athens was the first city-state to develop this type of government? a. Democracy b. Tyranny c. Monarchy d. Oligarchy 5. Who was the ruler during the golden age of Athens? a. Solon b. Draco c. Pericles d. Socrates

6. This Greek philosopher said that people would only understand themselves if they questioned what they believed: a. Socrates b. Aristotle c. Plato d. Sophocles 7. This Greek is credited with creating the Iliad and the Odyssey a. Aristophanes b. Plato c. Socrates d. Homer

8. Which Greek city-tate founded the Peloponnesian league to counter the Delian league, eventually leading to the Peloponnesian War? a. Athens b. Troy c. Sparta d. Corinth 9. Who was the father of Alexander the Great? He first conquered Greece before he was assassinated. a. Aristotle b. Philip II of Macedon c. Cyrus d. Darius

10. Hellenistic culture was: a. the blending of Russian and Byzantine culture b. the blending of Christian and Jewish culture c. the blending of Greek, Indian, Egyptian cultures as Alexander the Great expanded his empire eastward. 11. Which ancient Greek figure is most closely associated with Science? a. Plato b. Socrates c. Homer d. Archimedes 12. The Greek word Polis refers to a. written law b. city states c. aristocracy d. standing army

13. After the Persian War, the Greeks formed a defensive alliance called the: a. The Delian League b. Legions c. Centuriate Assembly d. Triumvirate Doric Ionian Corinthian 14. What is the best title for the above list? a. Types of Incan roads b. Types of Roman Arches c. Types of Greek Columns d. Types of Egyptian pyramids 15. Socrates, Aristotle were ancient greek: a. gods b. rulers c. sculptors d. Philosophers

16. The Greeks established colonies along the Black Sea because: a. not enough farmable land in Greece b. Overpopulation c. The oppressive government d. Both A and B 17. Life in Sparta was different from life in Athens because Sparta had a. a militaristic society b. an artistic society c. a democratic society d. an individualistic society