Analysis for WLTP UF development ACEA EV Group

Analysis for WLTP UF development ACEA EV Group 19. 11. 2013

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development The Utility Factor describes the ratio of travelled distance in Charge Depleting Mode to total travelled distance. charge depleting distance day max. CD range 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 distance per day [km] 60 There are several methods how the UF can be determined. Seite 2 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : Stephan Hartmann

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development Basics and usage of the Utility Factor (according to US regulation) UF 100 % phase CS 2 -4 2 -3 2 -2 2 -1 1 -4 1 -3 1 -2 1 -1 distance[km] 3. 1 phase 1 WLTC 4. 8 2 7. 2 3 1 8. 2 4 3. 1 1 4. 8 2 7. 2 3 2 8. 2 4 cd-range [km] emission [g/km] 150 140 124 100 0 0 weight [%] 35 5 5 4 3 10 14 11 13 weighted emission [g/km] 53 7 6 4 0 0 0 total: A sequential UF weights the CO 2 of each CD-cycle phase with the CO 2 of the CS-cycle. page 3 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group 70

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development Different Methods for the Determination of Utility Factors The fleet UF can only be used if the database represents a vehicle fleet of customers of a special hybrid concept. The methodology that can be applied to the present databases to determine an average customer UF is the SAE method for the determination of the “Individual Utility Factor” (considers all vehicles equally). page 4 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development impact of long distance vehicles 2 customer with average daily traveled miles of 150 km 12 customers with average daily traveled miles of 30 km UF 100 the e c u s red tially. e l c i veh s essen e c n dista y vehicle g n o it 2 l 12 c f o UF UF for 12 city customers (30 km) 80 60 40 UF for the fleet UF for 2 long distance customers (150 km) 20 0 0 page 5 50 100 13. 11. 2013 150 electric range [km] Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development Main database influences on the utility factor average daily traveled miles distribution of average daily traveled miles UF percentage UF average daily traveled miles WLTP charge depleting range [km] With a constant digression of daily traveled miles the utility factor increases with a decreasing average of daily traveled miles. page 6 With a constant average of daily traveled miles the utility factor increases with a decreasing standard digression of the daily traveled miles. 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development Main database influences on the utility factor charging behavior Up to now it is not possible to validate the future OVC-HEV customers charging behavior. According to SAE J 2841 the assumption of one charging event per day(overnight charge) is used for the following analysis. charging events UF 2/ day 1 / day Chevrolet Volt data in the EV project currently show a charging frequency 1. 4 in US. cd range per day WLTP charge depleting range [km] An increasing charging frequency increases the daily miles traveled in charge depleting mode. That’s the reason for an increasing UF. page 7 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development Databases Former UF analysis did not include Swedish vehicle/driver. In addition the FIAT ECODRIVE database was analysed. WLTP database • 158 of 158 vehicles • individual daily traveled miles: 58 km • fleet daily traveled miles: 49 km • milage: ~0, 38 Mio. km • driving days: 7811 • exclude N 1 - class vehicles (not representative for OVH-HEV customers – to be confirmed by COM) • delete drives with implausible dates • recalculation of driving days • 132 of 158 vehicles • individual daily traveled miles: 46 km • fleet daily traveled miles: 47 km • milage: ~0, 34 Mio. km • driving days: 7343 FIAT ECODRIVE database • 1275 of 1275 vehicles • individual daily traveled miles: 40 km • fleet daily traveled miles: 37 km • milage: ~1, 8 Mio. km • driving days: 49043 • delete drives with implausible dates • recalculation of driving days • 1275 of 1275 vehicles • individual daily traveled miles: 39 km • fleet daily traveled miles: 36 km • milage: ~1, 8 Mio. km • driving days: 49769 Phase 1 WLTP page 8 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development Distribution of daily traveled miles Phase 1 WLTP page 9 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development Analysis results, pure NEDC UF versus NEDC UF corrected on WLTP UF [%] 100 80 60 40 NEDC WC - Compressed NEDC (UF-neutral for the reduced electric range of an WC-OVC-HEV in WLTP) 20 0 0 50 100 150 electric range [km] Phase 1 WLTP page 10 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development Analysis results, NEDC UF corrected on WLTP versus FIAT and WLTP database UF [%] 100 80 60 Individual UF FIAT database* Individual UF WLTP database* WC - Compressed NEDC (UF-neutral for the reduced electric range of an WC-OVC-HEV in WLTP) 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 electric range [km] * The lower and upper 5 % extreme customers regarding the average daily traveled distance are not included. Phase 1 WLTP page 11 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group

ACEA WLTP E-Lab group Analysis for WLTP UF development WLTP phase 2 Utility Factor - Inclusion of charging frequency for the Utility Factor determination required. - Statistically significant charging behavior data from the , , EV Project’’, founded by the US Department of Energy, showed an average charging frequency of 1, 4 charging events per day. - ACEA E-Lab propose to include this recharging behavior in the methodology to determine the Utility Factor function by considering recharging at non operation times. - ACEA E-Lab proposes the EU Commission to investigate real world EU statistical driving and recharging behavior data for OVC HEV. Phase 2 WLTP page 12 13. 11. 2013 Autor/Abt. : ACEA WLTP E-Lab group