13 5 Cycling of Matter KEY CONCEPT Matter

13. 5 Cycling of Matter KEY CONCEPT Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem. Biogeochemical Cycle is the movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. 5 Cycles: Water Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus

13. 5 Cycling of Matter Water cycles through the environment. • The hydrologic, or water, cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth. • Organisms all have bodies made mostly of water. precipitation condensation transpiration lake surface runoff evaporation water storage in ocean groundwater see pag e

13. 5 Cycling of Matter precipitation condensation transpiration evaporation surface runoff lake water storage in ocean groundwater see pag e http: //app. discoveryedu cation. com/search? Ntt= biogeochemical+cycles

13. 5 Cycling of Matter In which parts of the water cycle is water in the liquid state? Precipitation, runoff, groundwater, ocean water, lakes, seepage What sources of water are used for drinking water and by plants for life their processes? Lake, ground water, runoff, precipitation What processes return water vapor to the atmosphere? Evaporation and transpiration What process transforms water vapor to liquid water? Condensation Which state of water is not shown in the diagram but is still an important reservoir of water? Solid: ice, snow

13. 5 Cycling of Matter Elements essential for life also cycle through ecosystems. • The main processes involved in the oxygen cycle are photosynthesis and respiration. • Most organisms need oxygen for…? • Plants release oxygen as a by product during photosynthesis. • Humans and most other organisms take in oxygen and release it as carbon dioxide through cellular respiration. oxygen photosynthesis respiration carbon dioxide

13. 5 Cycling of Matter • Carbon is the building block of life. – Carbon is an essential component of what 3 organic molecules in the human body? – Carbohydrates, proteins and fats carbon dioxide in air combustion respiration photosynthesis respiration decomposition of organisms fossil fuels photosynthesis carbon dioxide dissolved in water

13. 5 Cycling of Matter – The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere. – Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels. – Some carbon is stored for long periods of time in areas called carbon sinks. carbon dioxide in air combustion respiration photosynthesis respiration decomposition of organisms fossil fuels photosynthesis carbon dioxide dissolved in water

13. 5 Cycling of Matter Components of the Carbon Cycle Respiration Decomposition Relation to Cycle Returns carbon to the atmosphere Breaking down dead organisms returns carbon to atmosphere Combustion Burning of fossil fuels and wood as well as emissions from factories and automobiles adds carbon to atmosphere Photosynthesis Plants use energy from sun and CO 2 from atmosphere to build organic materials

13. 5 Cycling of Matter • The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground. – Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called nitrogen fixation. – Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the nitrogen in atmosphere roots of plants; animals others live freely in the soil. plant nitrogen-fixing bacteria in decomposers roots ammonification nitrogen-fixing ammonium bacteria in soil nitrifying bacteria nitrates nitrifying bacteria nitrites denitrifying bacteria

13. 5 Cycling of Matter Where does much of the nitrogen cycle take place? What is the source of nitrogen for the animal? What is the source of nitrogen for the plants? What is the source of nitrogen for decomposers? Which organisms act as a bridge between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and the organisms of the biosphere? nitrogen in atmosphere animals plant nitrogen-fixing bacteria in decomposers roots ammonification nitrogen-fixing ammonium bacteria in soil nitrifying bacteria nitrates nitrifying bacteria nitrites denitrifyin bacteria

13. 5 Cycling of Matter Where does much of the nitrogen cycle take place? What is the source of nitrogen for the animal? What is the source of nitrogen for the plants? What is the source of nitrogen for decomposers? Which organisms act as a bridge between the nitrogen in the atmosphere and the organisms of the biosphere? Underground Plants Decomposers & Bacteria Dead organic matter- dead animals and plants, animal excretions Bacteria

13. 5 Cycling of Matter • The phosphorus cycle takes place at and below ground level. – Begins when: Phosphate is rain released by the geologic uplifting weathering of rocks. weathering of – Phosphorus moves phosphate from rocks runoff through the food plants web (from producers to animals phosphate in solution consumers) and in soil leaching returns to the soil during sedimentation decomposition. forms new rocks decomposers

13. 5 Cycling of Matter plants – Phosphorus leaches into groundwater from the soil for use by rain geologic uplifting producers. – Over many thousands weathering of phosphate from rocks of years the sediment runoff eventually becomes rock again animals phosphate in solution – Both mining and in soil leaching agriculture add phosphorus into the environment and can sedimentation forms new rocks decomposers cause serious problems like algal blooms

13. 5 Cycling of Matter • Algal Bloom video • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Avigo. Zg. Yb. T 4

13. 5 Cycling of Matter