Voice Quality and Emotion Perceptual coloring Derived from

Voice Quality and Emotion • Perceptual coloring – Derived from a variety of laryngeal and supralaryngeal features – modal, creaky, whispered, harsh, breathy, . . . • Correlates with emotion – Laver ‘ 80, Scherer ‘ 86, Murray& Arnott ’ 93, Laukkanen ’ 96, Johnstone & Scherer ’ 99, Gobl & Chasaide, ‘ 03, Fernandez ‘ 00

Phonation Gestures • Adductive tension: interarytenoid muscles adduct the arytenoid muscles • Medial compression: adductive force on vocal processesadjustment of ligamental glottis • Longitudinal pressure: tension of vocal folds

Modal Voice • “Neutral” mode • Muscular adjustments moderate • Vibration of vocal folds periodic, full closing of glottis, no audible friction • Frequency of vibration and loudness in low to mid range for conversational speech

Tense Voice • Very strong tension of vocal folds, very high tension in vocal tract

Whispery Voice • Very low adductive tension • Medial compression moderately high • Longitudinal tension moderately high • Little or no vocal fold vibration • Turbulence generated by

Creaky Voice • Vocal fold vibration at low frequency, irregular • Low tension (only ligamental part of glottis vibrates) • The vocal folds strongly adducted • Longitudinal tension weak • Moderately high

Breathy Voice • Tension low – Minimal adductive tension – Weak medial compression • Medium longitudinal vocal fold tension • Vocal folds do not come together completely, leading to frication

Estimating Voice Quality • Estimate wrt controlled neutral quality – But how do we know the control is truly “neutral”? – Must match the natural laryngeal behavior to laboratory “neutral” • Our knowledge of models of vocal fold movements may be inadequate for describing real phonation • Known relationships between acoustic signal and voice source are complex – Only can observe behavior of voicing indirectly so prone to error. – Direct source data obtained by invasive techniques