Types of Socities Hunting and gathering to postindustrial

Types of Socities Hunting and gathering to postindustrial

Types of Society • Society is made of people living in a defined territory with borders and sharing common culture – Meets basic needs of people (food, shelter, etc) • 3 types of Society are preindustrial, and postindustrial – Independent vs. global society?

H and G Society • Hunting and Gathering Society: survives by hunting their food and gathering edible food like wild fruits and veggies • Nomadic, non-materialistic, small, cooperation, no private property • Tasks based on gender and age • Few exist today

Horticulture Society - Society that exists primarily through growing plants - Leads to more permanent settlements - Multi-community societies, thousands - Dependency shifts from others to family

Pastoral Societies • Society where food is obtained by raising and taking care of animals (milk and meat) • Farming must be done to feed the animals • Male dominated; role of woman is minimal and food depends on the male • Change location seasonally

Pastoral and Horticultural changes • ***creating a surplus (plants or animals) allow other roles to emerge, trade to happen, and free time to be found*** • Social classes begin to form

Agricultural Societies • Similar to horticultural, but with animals and plows • Plow allows more productivity • More free time= school, arts, religion, and politics • Distinct social classes • Trade economy and monetary systems

Industrial Societies • Society that depends on science and technology • Mechanizationreplacing animal and to produce goods and human power with services machines • “away” from simple and • Urbanization- moving “towards” technology population from farms • Innovations: and villages into large – Steam engine and cities electricity – Nuclear energy and computers/internet

Industrialization changes society • Education- changes from home school to formal schooling – More broad education necessary • Families- as population spreads out, blood relationships fade • Woman at work- more independent

Durkheim’s Views • Social Solidarity- degree to which society is unified, results of division of labor • Mechanical solidarity- social unity where people doing similar work and having similar values – Tradition, family, conformity • Organic solidarity- social unity where people depend on each other to fulfill needs, more complex status.

Postindustrial Society • Society where economic emphasis is services and information vs. goods production 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. More employment in service industry (75% in US) White-collar replaces blue-collar Technical knowledge is key Tech. change is planned and assessed Reliance on computers

Postindustrial social instability • Crime and disorder grow • Families take on different roles and kinship less important • Establishing new norms and values bring back stability.