NEW SPAIN Spanish Colonies in America 17 th18

NEW SPAIN Spanish Colonies in America 17 th-18 th centuries

Essential Knowledge • Art after Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492 • Immediate conquest, colonization, and conversion • Quick downfall of the Aztecs and Inkas • After 1822 most of Latin America was a mix of independent states • Indigenous art forms mix with European materials • Influence from Asia and Africa • Types of art: religious subject matter, portraits, history, and genre

*Named for Antonio de Mendoza, viceroy (a ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign) of New Spain. Wanted to record Aztec history and send it to Emperor Charles V in Spain. Artist: Unknown indigenous people Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza circa 1542 (20 years after the conquest) Pigment on paper Oxford University

Eagle on a cactus = legendary symbol of Mexico Three parts 1. 10 men who led the Aztecs to sacred location of Tenochtitlan (place of the prickly pear cactus) 2. Account of life (cyclical) 3. Tribute to the Aztecs

Aztecs vs. Colhuacan and Tenayuca, (both located around Lake Texcoco) and their burning temples hierarchy of scale

“Asiel, fear of God” IDEAL Latin American Baroque art GUNS, ANGELS, & FASHION arquebus = rifle Artist: Master of Calamarca (Jose Lopez de los Ri os) Angel with Arquebus (Asiel Timor Dei) Circa 1680 s, viceroyalty of Peru (Lima) Oil on canvas

Circle of Gonzalez Family Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and Hunting Scenes 1697 -1701 Tempera and resin on wood inlaid with mother of pearl Brooklyn Museum of Art

Siege with the Belgrade -Ottoman-Turks encroaching on Europe Hunting Scenes

biombo: folding freestanding screen enchonchados: shell inlay (mother of pearl) placed on a wooden support covered with a yellow tint and glazes Japanese folding screen

*Mary appeared to the Native Americans on the Tepayac hill, a shrine sacred to a pre. Columbian goddess = patronness of of New Spain ENCONCHADO (concha = shell) Miguel Gonzalez Virgin of Guadalupe 1698 Oil on canvas on wood with mother of pearl

Virgin Mary appears to Juan Diego 3 times, an Aztec (after Spain conquered the Aztecs). She asks him to go to the bishop and build a shrine on the Tepayac hill.

Casta painting: from New Spain showing mixed race couples, focusing on the dominance of the European as superior Att. Juan Rodriguez Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo Circa 1715 Oil on canvas Private collection, London Servant carrying baby

Escudo: a framed painting worn below the neck Miguel Cabrera Portrait of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 1750 Oil on canvas Private collection, London