Types of Groups Formal Groups Command group formal

Types of Groups • Formal Groups – Command group : formal group determined by structure – Task group: formal group organized for a specific task – Committees: handles problems outside of regular assignments • Informal groups – Social groups: people who enjoy each other’s company (chat groups) – Interest groups: groups that develop informally around a common interest (news groups, listserv members)

Characteristics of Groups • Composition – homogenous groups: qualities in common – heterogeneous groups: few qualities in common • Size – small groups: good communication, satisfaction – large groups: can specialize; coordination, communication problems • Status

Attraction to Groups • Social and emotional needs – social affirmation – recognition – security – prestige • Instrumental function – goal achievement

Cohesiveness Mutual attractiveness of a group to its members Causes 1. member similarity 4. isolation 2. group size 5. competition 3. high entrance 6. shared standards success Cohesiveness

Outcomes of Cohesiveness Group goals support the organization 1. Increased activity & communication 2. Conformity to norms 3. Goal achieve -ment 4. Satisfaction Group goals undermine the organization Cohesiveness 1. Communication detracts from work 2. Conformity restricts productivity 3. Goals support group at expense of organization

Disadvantages to Cohesiveness • Changing course of action is difficult due to high levels of commitment • Socialization can detract from work issues and productivity • Group goals can replace organizational goals

Turning the Group Around • Build a record of success • Build the vision • Build a sense of team feeling • Create a competitive edge • Take the group on a retreat