Theories of Counseling Integrative Theory Power Point produced

Theories of Counseling: Integrative Theory Power. Point produced by Melinda Haley, M. S. , New Mexico State University. “This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: v any public performance or display, including transmission of an image over a network; v preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; v any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ” “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Putting It All Together v Many clinicians use three or four different theories in their practice. v Some look to common elements within all theories. v Some ascribe to technical eclecticism or integrate several theories into one. v Some believe in specific treatments for specific issues or symptoms. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Are Some Theories Better Than Others? v Research seems to show that there is little therapeutic difference between theories and each are about equally effective. This may be due to: Ø The fact that the different approaches are more similar than what we think. Ø Regardless of theory, most practitioners do similar things. Ø There are many different ways to achieve wellness. Ø Research measurements are not picking up the subtle differences between theories. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Integrating Theories v It is important to know how theories are different and how they are the same. v One method of integration is to read everything you can on theories you like best. v Another is applying them and learning through trial and error which theories work best. v A third way is to group theories together by their significant features. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Integrating Theories How do theories differ in relation to: Philosophy Techniques Theory Treatment Goals “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Integrating Theories Specifics to look for: Action vs. Insight Cognitive vs. Affective T H E O R Y Present vs. Past Rigid vs. Flexible Roles “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Integrating Theories Another way to sort theories is by counselor’s role and presence: Ways of Being Ways of Intervening Ways of Knowing “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Why Integrate Theories? v Because one theory does not fit all people or all situations. v Manualizaiton of Therapy: Development of specific , empirically tested and standardized treatments for a specific diagnosis. v It enables a counselor to see each client as unique and apply theories that fit that client in regard to culture, presenting issue, and diversity. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory What Research Says: Common Factors in Therapy v Hope and Expectations: Clients have expectations that shape therapy. v Relationship: The therapeutic relationship is one of the most important elements of therapy. v Therapeutic Techniques: All therapy effects some sort of change on the client. v Outside Factors: Client variables also play a big role. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory What Clients Think Is Important In Therapy v Having a private place to talk with someone to listen. v The therapist’s personality, especially when therapist is kind, caring, and supportive. v Being understood. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory in Practice v The therapist is intentional in what he or she does. It is not a random process. v Counseling strategies are changed or adjusted to fit the client’s needs, worldview, or issues. v The therapist specifically considers cultural implications regarding methods chosen. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory in Practice v One basic tenet is that clients have many of their own answers and are found within the language of the client. v The therapist looks at what the client says for clues to helping the client. v One goal of integrative therapy is to help the client find out what they really want and then help him or her achieve it. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory BASIC ID A method that looks at major areas of human functioning: B = Behavior A = Affect S = Sensations I = Images C = Cognitions I = Interpersonal Relationships D = Drugs, biological functions, nutrition and exercise “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Questions to Ask Yourself About Constructing Your Own Theory v What is your worldview? v How do you define ethical practice? v How do you define empathy? v What microskills are you skillful at and which do you need to work on? “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Questions to Ask Yourself About Constructing Your Own Theory v How do you make sense of the focusing concept? v What do you believe about research and continuing education? v What do you believe about multiculturalism? v How do you feel about spirituality? “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Integrative Theory Questions to Ask Yourself About Constructing Your Own Theory v What theories do you like? How might you integrate these? v How has your developmental, familial or cultural history shaped who you are? “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”

Resources Ivey, A. E. , D’Andrea, M. , Ivey, M. B. and Morgan, L. S. (2002). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective, 5 th ed. Boston, MA. : Allyn & Bacon. James, R. K. & Gilliland, B. E. (2003). Theories and strategies in counseling and psychotherapy, 5 th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Kottler, J. A. (2002). Theories in counseling and therapy: An experiential approach. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. “Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004”