The Rock Cycle SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS

The Rock Cycle SEDIMENTARY, METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS Chapter 6

A. What is a rock? 1. A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter.

B. Rock Cycle 1. Rock forms, changes from one type of rock to another and forms again by processes in and on the Earth.

C. Three Types of Rock n The three types of rock are: A. Sedimentary B. Igneous C. Metamorphic

D. Sedimentary Rock 1. Sedimentary Rock is formed by: Weathering and Erosion of rocks into smaller pieces or sediment, deposition, compaction and cementation. 2. Any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) exposed at the Earth's surface can become a sedimentary rock. 3. Fossils are found in sedimentary rock.

E. Sediment 1. Rock and mineral fragments 2. Sedimentation- the deposition or accumulation of sediment.

F. Weathering and Erosion 1. Weathering: Breakdown of rock by water, constant heating and cooling or other natural causes, to form sediment. 2. Erosion: Movement of sediment by wind and water

G. Deposition 1. Sediment is moved, accumulates, and forms layers.

H. Compaction and Cementation Over time these deposited grains and pieces of rock are compacted and cemented together in layers. The compaction and cementation occurs when sediment is squeezed by the weight of the sediment layers above it. Each layer may be different from the next layer depending on the type of sediment that is deposited.

1. Compaction: The squeezing together of rock layers. 2. Cementation: sediment becomes bound together and forms rock

I. Sedimentary Rocks examples: Breccia Shale Sandstone

Sedimentary Rock . • The remains of plants and animals become trapped in the layers and over long periods of time become fossils.

J. Igneous Rock 1. Igneous rocks (from the Greek word for fire) form from hot molten rock (magma). 2. Magma: hot molten rock

K. Extrusive Igneous Rock 1. 2. 3. produced when magma exits and cools outside of, or very near the Earth's surface form at erupting volcanoes. EX: pumice and obsidian • Pumice-cooled quickly • Obsidian-cooled slowly

Black Sand Beach: Hawaii n One of nature's rarest wonders stretches across the island of Hawaii's shores — the black-sand beach of Punalu'u. This magnificent beach formed when lava from two of the world's most active volcanoes, Mauna Loa and Kilauea, spilled into the ocean and quickly cooled, breaking into minuscule pieces that now comprise the "sand. "

L. Intrusive Igneous Rock 1. forms when magma is trapped deep inside the Earth, cools very slowly over many thousands or millions of years until it solidifies. 2. Intrusive igneous rock can be pushed to the surface by plate movement. 3. Example: Granite • Granite is a type of intrusive igneous rock.

M. Metamorphic Rock 1. Rocks that have changed into another kind of rock, once igneous or sedimentary rocks. 2. Heat and pressure squeeze the sedimentary or igneous rock and change it into metamorphic rock. 3. EX: slate and marble

N. Metamorphic Rock O. Metamorphic rock 1. Shale, a sedimentary rock, is changed by heat and pressure into slate S: shale M: slate 1. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, is changed by heat and pressure into marble. Marble is used to make statues and countertops. S: Limestone M: Marble

THE ROCK CYCLE The Rock Cycle

n http: //www. learner. org/interactives/rockcyc le/diagram. html

Chapter 4. 1: Review 1. Name the 3 types of rock. 2. This process causes rock to break down into smaller pieces called sediment. ______________ This action is the movement of sediments to rivers and lakes. ________ This is the accumulation of sediment in lakes, oceans or on floodplains_____________ Sedimentary rock is formed by _________and _______. Igneous rock is formed from________________. Two types of igneous rock_______ and _______. What causes sedimentary and igneous rock to become metamorphic rock? _____and______ Intrusive igneous rock forms_____________ Extrusive igneous rock forms_______________ Can any rock become a sedimentary rock? _________ HOW? ___________________________ Which type of rock would contain fossils? ___________ 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Rock Cycle Song (Sing to the tune of "Row, Row Your Boat") n http: //www. niehs. nih. gov/kids/lyrics/row. htm n Rock Cycle Song n SEDIMENTARY rock Has been formed in layers Often found near water sources With fossils from decayers Then there's IGNEOUS rock Here since Earth was born Molten Lava, cooled and hardened That's how it is formed These two types of rocks Can also be transformed With pressure, heat and chemicals METAMORPHIC they'll become. n n

Rock Cycle Song (Sing to the tune of "Row, Row Your Boat") n http: //www. niehs. nih. gov/kids/lyrics/row. htm n Rock Cycle Song n SEDIMENTARY rock Has been formed in layers Often found near water sources With fossils from decayers Then there's IGNEOUS rock Here since Earth was born Molten Lava, cooled and hardened That's how it is formed These two types of rocks Can also be transformed With pressure, heat and chemicals METAMORPHIC they'll become. n n