THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789 1799 CAUSES Long Term

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789 -1799

CAUSES Long Term Enlightenment Rousseau Ancien Regime First, Second & Third Estates Absolutism Short Term Seven Years’ War and American Revolution put France further in debt 50% interest, 25% military, 6% royal family, 19% run country Generally incompetent Louis XVI Fiscal crisis No banks & paper money Raise taxes High bread prices inflation high unemployment

FIRST PHASE (1789 -1791) Estates General National Assembly Tennis Court Oath July 14, 1789 storming of the Bastille (official start) Great Fear Peasants upraise against landlords feudalism abolished Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789) Equality before the law, representative government, individual freedom Constitution of 1791 Constitutional monarchy king head of state but National Assembly holds power Election wealthiest men Freedom of religion to Protestants and Jews Abolition of provinces and division of France into departments Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790) National church with priests chosen by voters Deepened the divide between the peasantry and educated class

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (1791 -1792) More radical Declares war on Austria Imprison Louis XVI and dissolve the monarchy

SECOND PHASE (1792 -1795) National Convention creates republic Jacobins Girondists (moderate) & Mountains (radical) Louis XVI killed (1793) Sans-culottes laboring poor and petty traders (radical) Committee of Public Safety Robespierre Fixed prices and wages Reign of Terror Government in all aspects of life (10 day weeks) De-Christianization Rising nationalism Georges Danton Jean-Paul Marat

THE DIRECTORY (1795 -1799) Thermidorian reaction (liberal) end Reign of Terror and execution of Robespierre Abolished economic controls prices rise Kept war going to keep down unemployment New constitution Property requirements for males to vote Bicameral legislative body 5 man executive body Directory Napoleon Bonaparte coup d’etat ends revolution (1799)

WAR ABROAD Europe first welcomed the weakening of French royal power Declaration of Pillnitz Austria and Prussia intervene to reestablish monarchy April 1792 declare war on Austria (joined by Prussia) French armies Abolished feudalism & plundered February 1793 declare war on Britain, Dutch Republic and Spain Mandatory draft of unmarried men France army out numbers European armies

WOMEN Women’s March (1789) 1791 Constitution Seek divorce Inherit property Obtain financial support for illegitimate children from fathers Excluded from political office and voting Olympe de Gouges Declaration of the Rights of Women Republic Suppress women’s involvement in political debate Women’s proper place is home All women’s clubs abolished