The French Revolution Stirrings of change Phase 1

The French Revolution Stirrings of change Phase 1

Phases of the The French Revolution • Phase 1 National Assembly or National Constituent Assembly (1789 -1791) Legislative Assembly (1791 -1792)

Vocabulary Phase 1 • • • Cahiers National Assembly Tennis Court Oath Storming of the Bastille The Great Fear Émigrés The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens Women’s March on Versailles King’s Attempt to Escape Constitution of 1791 Legislative Assembly

The Estates General Review The Estates General was the lawmaking body of France which had not met since 1614 under the great, great grandfather of Louis 16 th - Each estate met separately and voted separately - Each estate had one vote [it did not matter how many men were in the estate] - Estates General had to be called by the king - Estates General s could be dismissed by king and did not meet again until the king called it to meet u Estates General had no true power.

Louis 16 th 1 st Meeting of the Estates-General May 5, 1789 Before the meeting: April 1789: The King told each estate to make a list of their grievances. Each Estate made a list of complaints called Cahiers. MAY 5: King calls on the Estates General to form a new tax system • The Second Estate joins with the First Estate to stop the new tax system • both vote against new taxes = 2 votes against • Third Estate votes in favor of new tax system = 1 vote for • Third Estate looses the vote to get a new tax system

First Estate =1 Vote or 130, 000 Votes st 1 Rejected by Reaction nd & 2 Estates Third Estate Says Vote by HEAD not by Estate = e t a t s or E d te 00 r i Th 1 Vo 00, 0 tes 5 2 Vo Se Es co tat nd 21 Vot e = 0, 0 e 1 o 00 r Vo tes

REACTION to Vote!!!! Third Estate – demands a change in how the estates VOTE • wants to vote person; • wants a constitutional government & get rid of the absolute monarchy • wants to lift tax exemptions for 1 st and 2 nd estates

3 rd Estate changes its name to the National Assembly June 17: 3 rd Estate with some clergy & nobles creates a new National Assembly to defy the Estates General June 20: The 3 rd Estate, now the National Assembly, is locked out of the meeting hall by the King June 21: The 3 rd Estate, now the National Assembly, meets in a tennis court, takes the TENNIS COURT OATH vowing to stay together until a constitution is created and the Estates General is ended.

June 23: The King orders the Estates General to meet in the 3 rd Estate’s new meeting place, now a church, but he surrounds it with troops He rejects any constitution. - He tells them to create a new tax system - He orders all three estates to meet separately and vote by estate. - The 1 st and 2 nd estate agree and leave. - The 3 rd estate demands refuses to leave. June 25: some 1 st and 2 nd estates’ men join the 3 rd estate in the National Assembly ; there are over 660 members now; the King caves in June 25 – 27: The King orders all estates to join the National Assembly the Estates General ENDS!!!!

July 9: While the National Assembly meets at Versailles, the King orders 20, 000 new troops to Paris to protect the city from angry mobs; July 11: the economic minister who supported a new tax system is fired; 50, 000 citizens arm themselves and form National Guard. Some troops desert the army and join the mobs. Paris ERUPTS! July 12 - 13: angry people of Paris: 1. attack tax houses blamed for high food/ prices 2. plunder where food/ guns are hoarded 3. attack St. Lazare, a church mansion, & seize 52 wagons of wheat 4. plunder weapon arsenals; Royal troops do nothing

The Bastille was a Prison only had for 7 political prisoners. It was The symbol now an of armory torture with & abuse the a gunpowder by the monarchy. arsenal. The Storhis minenemies The King imprisoned g of thehere Ba in the past. stille July 14 1789 - a mob, joined by deserting soldiers, storm the Bastille, search for ammunition and gun powder & steal weapons they could. Commander surrenders but the mob hacks off his head and parades it through the streets on a pike. Six guards are killed and 100 Parisians die. Troops leave Paris The fall of the Bastille saves the National Constituent Assembly

Louis 16 th goes to Paris July 17 & accepts the cockade • He accepts the red, white, & blue, ribbon called the cockade in the colors of Paris’ flag, worn by the Paris militia who stormed the Bastille • Crowds cheer him • 150, 000 citizens carry weapons on the streets of Paris all is not well yet Later this Phrygian Cap becomes the symbol of the bloody revolution of 1792

The Great Fear • The Great Fear was a general panic between July 17 & August 3, 1789 at the start of the French Revolution caused by: – worsening grain shortages, fueled by the rumors of an noble "famine plot" to starve/ burn out the lower classes, mobilized peasants and townspeople – Rural unrest intensified in the countryside due to peasant disturbances – Aristocrats’ land taken, looted, and pillaged – tax documents destroyed • August 4, 1789 – many nobles/ clergy renounce their rights at the National Constituent Assembly to stop the riots • “Old Regime” is officially abolished • Nobles ill at ease: some to flee; others arm themselves

Paris Uprising Results: 1. Results of the storming of the Bastille • July 14, 1789: 50 assailants injured; 100 killed • 6 guards slaughtered out of 110 defenders • Commander surrendered but beaten & stabbed repeatedly then beheaded & head put on a pike for all to see • Cannons found but no weapons • Released the 7 prisoners including the Marquis de Sade 2. Uprising spread throughout France • Bastille inspired RAGE gives Parisians power • Great Fear sparked • Nobles attacked in countryside by peasants; homes ransacked • Records of all land taxes and past due taxes are destroyed • Nobles become émigrés –those who flee their country to settle elsewhere for safety to escape political persecution

Quick Review 1. The National Assembly What is name the National is 1. the new for the Assembly? 3 rd Estate which an end to the old tax system. 2. The National Assembly formed to start a 2. Why did the National constitutional Assembly form? government and end the absolute monarchy. 2. The National Assembly was made up of the 3 rd 3. Who made up the Estate and members National Assembly? from the 1 st and 2 nd Estates wanted reform. 4. The Tennis Court Oath was a vow made by the 4. What is the Tennis 3 rd Estate to stay Court Oath? together until they had a constitution. 5. King Louis 16 th sent 20, 000 5. Whytroops did Louis to Paris 16 th send because troops there to Paris? were mobs and unrest. 6. Paris citizens armed 6. How didand Parisians themselves attacked react 20, 000 a St to Lazare andtroops foundin Paris beforeby thethe grain hoarded stormingchurch of the. Bastille? 8. 8. Why The King did King wore. Louis the th 16 cockade accept to the bring cockade peace tointhe Paris? city. 9. The causes of the Great fear were rumors of invasion 9. What were the. The causes and food hoarding. effect waseffects the peasants and of theraided Great nobles’ homes, destroyed tax Fear? documents and the nobles fled. 7. The Bastille was attacked to weapons, gunpowder 7. get Why was the Bastille and canons. 6 soldiers and attacked? What 100 of the mob died. were They the results? murdered the governor & put his head on a pike.

On August 4, 1789 the The Declaration of the Rights of Man The National Assembly is the effective government of France The assembly has 1177 representatives from the former Estates: "The National Assembly abolishes the feudal system entirely. ” - All tax exemptions are abolished - All feudal rights of the nobility are abolished [no more feudal dues] - All feudal rights of the church are abolished [no more tithes] - The feudal justice system is suspended

The Declaration of the Rights of Man Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789 Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Freedom of the press Guaranteed property rights “Liberty, equality, fraternity!” Right of the people to create laws Right to a fair trial

Women’s March to Versailles October 5 - 6, 1789 Women in Paris concerned about bread and food shortages, walk to Versailles to petition the King for food for the city. They are met by troops at the gates.

Adieu, Versailles! As women marched through the streets, more left their homes & joined them. Women were armed with pitch forks, muskets, pikes, swords, and scythes. In the end, 6000 women marched 13 miles to Versailles to petition the king. BUT short term rumors also fueled their march. These rumors included: a royal banquet and the hoarding of flour. Some marched because they feared the king would let foreign troops invade France to put down uprisings. Also the Queen’s brother was the Emperor of Austria and an enemy of France She was still hated and rumors about her added to their hate. Some yelled: – “Death to the Austrian. We’ll wring her neck. We’ll tear heart out. ”

• 8 women go into Versailles Palace to petition king who accepts it & orders all palace bread to be sent to Paris • Some conspirators refuse to accept his bread, so… • On October 6 in the morning: the MOB: storms the palace, kills guards and puts their heads on pikes • Some women get into Marie Antoinette’s rooms and destroy her bedroom • Queen escapes through a secret passage to the King's room • King talks to the mob from his balcony: – "My friends, I will go to Paris with my wife and my children. ” It was a fatal mistake. It marks the last time the King saw Versailles. • Royal family rides to Paris surrounded by mob holding pikes with the heads of their bodyguards and soldiers atop & move to the Tuileries Palace in Paris as prisoners

Beginning of the end of all Special Privileges: The state now controls the church November 2, 1789 - All Church property nationalized. RESULT: – Church lands seized, divided, & sold to peasants – Church officials must be elected by the people, & salaries paid by the government – Tithes eliminated July 1790 - Civil Constitution of the Clergy makes church answerable to the state first, not the pope November 1790 - Clergy forced to sign Constitution of Clergy January 1791 - Last date for clergy to sign; over half refuse. – RESULT: 2/3 of Church officials fled the country

1790 Reforms in Local Government • • • Nobility abolished in June Taille abolished Local parlements abolished in August Old local justice systems abolished in August 30 provinces ruled by newly elected governors New courts, with judges elected by the people

June 1791 • The Royal family tries to flee to The Netherlands • - They hope to get aid from foreign governments to restore the Old Regime in France • - They were caught in Varennes. The king put his head out the window and was recognized by a commoner who saw his face on the coins in his pocket • - The King and his family returned to Paris under arrest.

Down with the Monarchy "The Two are One in the Same. " Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette represented as a two-head monster, Louis with cloven hooves and horns alluding to his reputation as a "liar" following his attempted flight in June 1791. The queen is portrayed as hyena with a head crowned in snakes. Both were guilty of abandoning the Revolution.

The new Legislative Assembly Writes the 1 st Constitution of 1791 The National Assembly dissolved September 30, 1791 The Legislative Assembly replaced it on October 1, 1791. It was the new government under the Constitution of 1791 - It created a limited constitutional monarchy ü King was only the head of state ü King held power to enforce laws - It created all laws & could declare or reject war Voting limited to taxpayers ONLY Offices for property owners ONLY - It split into 3 groups b/c of arguments on how to solve national issues such as debt & food shortages. These groups were: Radicals, Moderates, and Conservatives

The National Assembly makes changes! 1. ESTATES are abolished in 1789 2. Rights of Man August 26, 1789 3. Special privileges end for Clergy and Nobility November 1789 – November 1790 4. Local governments reformed August 1790 5. Legislative Assembly created October 1791 6…ratifies Constitution of 1791

Quick Review Who made up the National Constituent Assembly? What effect did the Enlightenment have on the formation of the new government in France? What is the Declaration of Rights of Man? What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man say? Why did the women of Paris choose to march on Versailles? What was the result of the March on Versailles? Why did the National Assembly continue to take away the rights of the clergy/ nobles? Why did the king try to escape? What happened to them? What did the Constitution of 1791 say?