The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative CAAFI Presented

The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI) Presented to: Aviation Alternative Fuels Side Event Bonn, Germany By: Dr. Lourdes Maurice Acting Director and Chief Scientist, FAA Office of Environment and Energy Environment Lead, CAAFI Date: June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration

Aviation Environmental Drivers • Aviation impacts community noise footprints, air quality, water quality, energy usage and availability, and the global climate. • Trends show environmental impacts from aircraft noise and aviation emissions will be a critical constraint on capacity growth. • Fundamental changes ongoing from economic downturn, fuel costs, and financial turmoil. NOISE AIR QUALITY WATER QUALITY ENERGY GLOBAL CLIMATE Ø The challenge is to ensure energy availability and affordability and reducing aviation’s environmental footprint, even with projected aviation growth Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 2

U. S. Experience: Aviation Emissions Performance U. S. commercial aviation outpaces other modes in energy efficiency improvements… US Commercial Aviation Fuel Consumption Source: DOE …while absolutely reducing its carbon footprint since 2000. Source: BTS Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 3

The Challenge - U. S. Aviation Fuel Use Scenarios Source: FAA Preliminary Analysis Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 4

Measures to Tackle the Challenge Next. Gen Vision Provide environmental protection that allows sustained aviation growth Key Initiatives: • • • Continued Local Mitigation Better Scientific Understanding Accelerate Operational Changes Mature New Aircraft Technology Develop Alternative Fuels Policy Options Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 5

The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative • A consortium of government agencies, airlines, manufacturers, airports, and current and prospective fuel suppliers Foster the development and deployment of alternative jet fuels • Share Information and Coordinate research and development of alternative jet fuels, including technical specifications, environmental assessment, production and distribution. • To enhance energy security, aviation economics and environment • Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 6

Who is CAAFI? Aircraft OEMs Aircraft Engine OEMs Aircraft Equip Cos NRC Canada ANP Brazil Bauhaus Aerospace Industries Association Members Consultants Universities Think Tanks Air Transport Association ATA Air Cargo Airlines ACI AIA UK Mo. D ICAO IATA Net. Jets FAA Federal Aviation NIST Administration NASA DESC Sponsors USAF US Army DARPA DOC USN USDA DOE ALPA Airports Council Airport Operators International – North America ASTM CRC Oil Companies Bio-Fuels Companies Energy Companies Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 7

CAAFI Structure and Strategy Certification-Qualification Panel Enable Supply R&D Panel Generate Ideas/Solutions Environmental Panel Assess Impact Business & Economics Panel Generate Demand & Target Funding Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 8

CQ: CAAFI Targeted* Certification Timing YEAR STATUS FUEL TYPE - ASTM vote targeted for June 50% FT generic • 2009 ‘ 09 blends including biomass/ coal / gas - Rapid Adjudication process with producers/ OEM’s / USAF - Working with ASTM, FAA and - 50% HRJ Blend engine/aircraft OEMS • 2010 - 100% FT generic including biomass -Supporting low sulfur cost/benefit starting 4/08 - DARPA program complete. - 100% HRJ • 2013 Fuels available for FFP tests - DARPA Algae program - Other Biofuel underway. processes * Generic Targets based upon outcomes to date anticipated fuel availability for tests Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 9

R&D: Feedstocks Roadmap Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 10

R&D: Three Successful HRJ Biojet Flight Programs * Graphics Courtesy J. Holmgren, UOP Feedstock: Jatropha oil • Successful ANZ Flight Demo Date: December 30 2008 • Successful CO Flight Demo Date: Jan. 7 2009 Feedstock: Jatropha and algal oil Feedstock: Camelina, Jatropha and algal oil • Successful JAL Flight Demo Date: Jan. 30 2009 Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 11

Environment: Particulate Matter Emission Gains Measured Results showing observed reductions in primary PM in a CFM 56 -7 B engine burning a mixture of 50% F-T fuel and 50% Jet A-1 (PARTNER Center of Excellence) Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 12

Environment: Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Need to determine “well-to-wake” life-cycle emissions Fossil feedstock Bio feedstock Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 13

Environment: Quantifying LCA Uncertainties Chart courtesy of J. Hileman, MIT Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 14

Environment: Biomass Needs for 2050 Carbon Neutrality Chart courtesy of J. Hileman, MIT Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 15

Business: Facilitating a Future Market Morgan Stanley OPIS (Oil Pricing) Solarc (Taxes) Colonial Pipeline Magellan Pipeline Kinder Morgan Alt Fuel Producers Potential Funding Sources A 2 BE Carbon Capture Adv Bio-Energy Tech’s Agromass Biofuels Neste Oil Air BP SASOL Amyris Biotech Shell Baard Energy Solazyme Chevron Sol. Arc Conoco. Phillips Petro. SA Syntroleum UOP Airlines & Operators Airbus Boeing ATA GE Jet. Blue ALPA PW Net. Jets Alaska American Northwest Continental Southwest Star Alliance Delta United Fed. Ex US Airways Airbus UPS Boeing Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 16

U. S. Strategy to Reduce Aviation’s Carbon Footprint (Relative CO 2 increase) growth w/ currently available solutions 1. 50 w/ operational improvements w/ technology improvements Possible standards? 1. 00 w/ alternate fuels carbon neutral growth Market-based measures? 2005 2015 2025 Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 17

Closing Thoughts • Aviation dependent on hydrocarbon based liquid fuels • Concentrated Airport Distribution allows rapid deployment (80% of fuel in 35 locations in U. S. ) • Timely Fuel Certification crucial for market • Establishing GHG LCA crucial for decisions (policy and investment) • Alternative fuels are technically feasible but need to get to deployment • CAAFI helping to bring these pieces together • ICAO key to global harmonization Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative June 3, 2009 Federal Aviation Administration 18