The Colonies Come of Age 1650 1765 Chapter

The Colonies Come of Age 1650 – 1765 Chapter 3 Main Points Britain defeats France in North America Tensions grow between Britain and its colonists Colonial slavery becomes entrenched, particularly in the South Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 1

Main Idea 3. 1 • England its largely self-governing colonies prospered under a mutually beneficial trade relationship. • The colonial system of self-governing colonies was the forerunner of our modern system of self-governing states.

England Its Colonies – Sect. 1 • England Its Colonies Prosper • Mercantilism • • English settlers export raw materials; import manufactured goods Mercantilism – countries must get gold, silver to be self-sufficient. nations concentrated on the balance of trade Favorable balance of trade means more gold coming in than going out • The Navigation Acts • England sees colonial sales to other countries as economic threat • 1651 Parliament passes Navigation Acts: laws that restrict colonial trade

Tensions Emerge • Crackdown in Massachusetts • Some colonists resent Navigation Acts; still smuggle goods abroad • In 1684 King Charles revokes charter; creates royal colony • The Dominion of New England • In 1685, King James II creates Dominion of New England • land from southern Maine to New Jersey united into one massive colony • to make colony more obedient, Dominion placed under single ruler • Governor Sir Edmund Andros antagonizes Puritans, merchants • “You have no more privileges left you, than not to be sold for slaves” Edmund Andros

Tensions Emerge • The Glorious Revolution • King James II unpopular in England; is Catholic, disrespects Parliament • Glorious Revolution – Parliament asserts its power over monarch, 1689 • Parliament crown Mary (James’s daughter) and William of Orange • Massachusetts colonists arrest Governor Andros, royal councilors – bloodless rebellion by colonists • Parliament restores separate colonial charters • Normalcy returns to business.

England Loosens the Reins • 1688 – England & France Compete • England expects the colonies to continue exporting raw goods and importing manufactured goods – duty of loyal colonies • lax enforcement of colonial laws • Salutary Neglect = More Control • Smuggling trials in admiralty courts with English judges, no juries • Board of Trade has broad powers to monitor colonial trade • England’s salutary (beneficial) neglect – does not enforce laws if economic loyalty

Self-Government • The Seeds of Self-Government • Governor: calls, disbands assembly; appoints judges; oversees trade • Colonial assembly influences governor because they pay his salary • Colonial still consider themselves British but want self-government