Surah Al Mumtahinah THE EXAMINER MADINI SURAH 13

Surah Al Mumtahinah THE EXAMINER – MADINI SURAH – 13 VERSES

Verse 1 – Warning • Do not take close friendships with the disbelievers and those who associate partners to Allah

Reason for revelation – story of Hatib Ibn Abi Baltaa’h (ra) • Time- after the treaty of Hudaibiyah has been broken, The prophet Muhmmad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) was making secret preperations to conquer Makkah • Hatib ibn Abi Baltaah (ra) had migrated to Medina, but all his family was in Makkah • He did not have any relatives who would protect his family from the torture of the Quraish • He thought that if he informed the Makkans (did them a favour) in return they would protect his family • He writes a letter exposing the plan and sends it with a lady called Sarah to Makkah • He was certain that Allah will still make the muslims successful

Allah inform the Prophet Muhamamad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) • The Prophet was informed that the lady with the letter has reached a place called Raudah Kakh. Prophet Muhamamad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) • Prophet Muhamamad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) ordered two companions to go and find Saarah in that place and bring back the letter • They found Saarah in the place mentioned by Prophet Muhamamad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) • They searched her for the letter, but they could not find it • They were certain that if the Prophet Muhamamad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said she will have the letter, she must have the letter. • They asked her for the letter but she denied • They threatened to remove her clothes, then she gave them the letter, it was in her undergarments

Letter is found • The letter is returned back to Prophet Muhamamad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) • Umar (Ra) heard this and asked for permission to behead the person who did this • Hatib (ra) was called and asked why he did this act • His emaan was untouched • Umar (ra) was not allowed to touch him, because Hatib(ra) was telling the truth and he participated in the Battle of Badr • Umar (ra) had tears coming from his eyes and said: “Only Allah and his messenger have knowledge of the reality”

My enemy is your enemy By Hatib (ra) writing a letter to the Quraysh that was an attempt to establish intimate friendship which is mentioned here The Only reason muslims were driven out of Makkah was because of their faith

Verse 3 – Refutes what Hatib(ra) did for the sake of his children

Verse 4 – follow the example of Ibrahim (as) • When his family and all his community persisted in idol worshipping • He left them (he disowned them, did not peruse his intimate friendship with them) • Even his father • He used to pray for this forgiveness before the injunction that you cannot pray for a disbelievers forgiveness as they do not have eman • He then also renounced his father • As explained in surah Tawbah

Verse 7 -9 • According to some hadith if you give up your favourite thing for the sake of Allah, Allah delivers it to you in a lawful manner of something better than it • Eg. Conquest of Makkah, all the disbelievers in Makkah became muslim!

Verse 8 – reason for revelation • Asma bint Abi Bakr’s mother Qutailah had come from Makkah to Medina to visit her with gifts • She was a non muslim • Asma refused to let her enter the house except the gifts until she sought permission from Prophet Muhammad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) • Prophet Muhammad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) advised her to look after and respect her mother with kindness • Then this verse was revealed • Good behaviour should be maintained with those who do not fight with them muslims • Justice should be maintained with all humans and animals

Verse 9 – you can spend non – zakat money on non-muslims • Kindness treatment should be for all • Those who fight muslims and those who do not

Verse 10 – 13 cause of revelation • Treaty of Hudaibiyah? • What were the conditions? • Testing time for them muslims

Conditions of the treaty: 1. The Muslims would return for Umrah next year 2. There would be no war for ten years 3. Whoever wished to join either side could do so 4. If anyone from the Quraysh joined the Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and give him peace) side without their guardians permission, they would be returned to the Quraysh. But if anyone from the Muslims went to the Quraysh, he was free to do so

Abu Jundal • At the time of the treaty being signed he escaped prison in Makkah and came to run away with the muslims in Hudaibiyh • Sad to send him back where he will be oppressed • But had to stick to the treaty • Prophet Muhammad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) could see the far sighted vision of the muslims, being successful due to this treaty • Treaty applied to just men, not women and these verses clarify that

Saidah bin Haritha Al- Aslamiyyah • Muslim lady • Married to a non muslim • Rules for marrying disbelivers had not come down • She left Makkah and went to the muslims • Her husband followed her and demanded the Prophet Muhammad (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) send his wife with him becauase of the conditions of the treaty. • That’s when this verses was revealed, applys to those who were already muslim

Verse 10 • That she does not have to be returned to him, because their marriage is not valid. Dowry would be returned to non muslim husband from the muslims treasury. Responsibility of the community because she probably came with nothing or spent her Mahr. • She can now marry any muslim man, mahr would be compulsory on him again • Ruling also for men, that their marriage to their polytheist wives is also broken • Companions had to leave their wife • Umar (ra) at the time of this verse had 2 polytheist wives in Makkah, which he divorced

Verse 10 • Muslim Women could have fled Makkah for reasons other than their faith • When they used to arrive in Medina • They used to be tested • Ibn Abbas explains that they would make them take an oath they have not come to Medina for any other motive other than the pleasure of Allah and the sake of her religion Islam.

Verse 11 • This verse commanded that the pagan wives who now return back to the Quraysh after verse 10 is revealed • They or the state should also pay back their mahr to their husband • The Muslim community acting upon Verse 10 returned all the Mahr on behalf of their believing women to the Qurash. • The Quraysh obviously did not follow the command of the Quran so verse 11 was revealed for them • That the Muslim community should keep that much Mahr (that was the believing women's to be returned to the disbelieving husbands) back from the Qurash and give it to the believing husbands whose wives left for Makkah • Or they will be compensated from the spoils of war

Verse 12 – Pledge of the women No shirk No theft No fornication Not bear false witness Not kill children Shall not disobey prophet