Standards Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard

Standards: • Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. • Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood.

Essential Questions • What is verb mood? • How can I identify shifts in verb mood and voice?

Verb Mood: Definition • Mood is the attitude a verb conveys in a sentence. Changing the verb’s mood will change the tone of the sentence. Verb moods indicate a state of being or reality.

Indicative Mood • The indicative mood indicates a state of factuality and reality. • Ex: "A cat sits on the stove. " • Most sentences in English are in the indicative mood. • It simply states a fact of some sort, or describes what happens, or gives details about reality.

Imperative Mood • The imperative mood indicates a state of command. • Ex: "Give me back my money. " • One marker of the imperative is that frequently the subject does not appear in the sentence, but is only implied: "(You) Give me back my money. "

Interrogative Mood • The interrogative mood indicates a state of questioning. • Ex: "Will you leave me alone now? " • One marker of the interrogative is that frequently the speaker inverts or switches the subject-verb order by placing the helping verb first, before the subject: "Will you leave me alone? " instead of "You will leave me alone. " • Frequently the interrogative appears with requests for a course of action or requests for information.

Conditional Mood • The conditional mood indicates a conditional state that will cause something else to happen. • Ex: The bomb might explode. • The conditional is marked by the words might, may, could, and would. • Frequently, a phrase in the conditional appears closely linked to a phrase in the subjunctive preceded by a subordinate conjunction like if.

Subjunctive Mood • The subjunctive mood indicates a hypothetical state, a state contrary to reality, such as a wish, a desire, or an imaginary situation. • Ex: If you jiggle that switch, the bomb might explode. • Note that the 2 nd clause is conditional, the 1 st is subjunctive.

Mood Example Indicative She is happy. Imperative Smile! (Note: The subject “you” is implied rather than stated. ) Interrogative Is she happy? (Note: the subject follows the verb. ) Conditional She could be happy. Subjunctive If she won the lottery, she would be happy.

Verb Voice: Definition • Voice tells us whether the subject of a sentence is the actor or is acted upon.

Active Voice • Definition: A sentence is in active voice when the subject is performing the action. • The active voice puts the emphasis on who or what is performing the action. • Using active voice usually makes your writing more exciting and vibrant. • Examples: • Harrison removed their handicaps. • The boys shouted at the dog.

Passive Voice • Definition: A sentence is in passive voice when the subject is not performing the action, but the subject is instead being acted upon by something else. • The passive voice places the emphasis on the thing or person being acted upon. • Using the passive voice is not incorrect. It can be useful in many situations, such as when the performer of the action is unknown or unimportant. • Examples: • The handicaps were removed by Harrison. • The football was thrown by Devynn.