Social Psychology What Is Social Psychology how our
- Slides: 19
Social Psychology
What Is Social Psychology? • how our thoughts, feelings, and behavior are affected by others.
The four “A”s • • Attitudes Attributions Attraction Authority and Aggression
Attitudes • tendency to think, feel, or act positively or negatively toward object • can drive behavior in absence of reward • “neat room, neat kids” • Components: • cognitive • emotional • behavioral
When Is Behavior Consistent with Attitude? • • thoughts and feelings agree behavioral agrees with subjective norms can do something attitude acquired by direct experience with object
Attitudes Formation • • • argumentation reinforcement pairing mere exposure observation Change • cognitive dissonance • baby steps • latitudes of acceptance/rejection • sequential • foot in door • door in face • low reactance, no behavioral restrictions Next
Elaboration Likelihood Model of Attitude Change Back
Cognitive Dissonance and Attitude Change Back
What Influences Attitude Change? • Source • trusted • likable • authority • Target • low ego-involvement • no threat to esteem • little experience in defending positions • Message • • fear attack unsignalled two-sided rhetorical questions (“Don’t you think that”) well organized examples not statistics redundancy
What Are Stereotypes? • perceptions, beliefs, and expectations a person has about members in some group • effects of stereotypes on behavior can be automatic and unconscious
Kinds of Stereotypes • auto-stereotype (what the “out group” thinks about themselves) • 50% of blacks in USA have negative stereotypes about themselves • stereotype threat • meta-stereotype (what “in-group” believes the “out-group” is thinking about the “ingroup”)
What Is Prejudice? • attitude toward an individual based solely on the person’s group membership • behavioral component is discrimination • often not based on direct experience
Why? • prejudice might serve to increases one’s sense of security • prejudice linked with authoritarianism
Explicit Prejudice • Blatant Prejudice Items • ‘Would you personally mind or not mind if a suitably qualified aboriginal person was appointed as your boss? ’ • “Subtle” Prejudice Items • ‘If aboriginals living would only try harder, they could be as well off as other Canadians’.
Explicit and Implicit • Explicit prejudice operates in a conscious mode • self-report • bogus pipeline • Implicit stereotypes are automatic activation of negative traits in memory • priming • IAT
Studies of Implicit Stereotyping • • • Is it a word or nonword? Categories = black and white Traits = positive and negative White participants Reaction times measured after prime (word ‘black’ vs ‘white’)
Dovidio et al. (1986)
IAT • https: //implicit. harvard. edu/implicit/
Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom • “No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love. . . ”
- Thinking affects our language which then affects our
- Our census our future
- Christ, be our light
- Marcus aurelius our life is what our thoughts make it
- We bow our hearts we bend our knees
- Our census our future
- Our life is what our thoughts make it
- The poem money madness was published in the collection
- Awareness of ourselves and our environment is
- Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
- God our father christ our brother
- Our future is in our hands quotes
- Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
- Our awareness of ourselves and our environment is called
- Altruistic
- Fundamental attribution error ap psychology
- Social psychology definition psychology
- Social thinking and social influence
- Social thinking and social influence in psychology
- Social thinking social influence social relations